Department  of  Commerce 

Herbert  Hoover,  Secretary 


4 


BUREAU  OF  MINES 
Scott  Turner,  Director 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 

IN  1926 

V  J  :S  .  i  .  \ 

i 


By  HUBERT  W.  DAVIS 


Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1926 — Part  II 
(Pages  17-49) 

Published  August  6,  1927 


PRICE  5  CENTS 

Sold  only  by  the  Superintend  ent  of  Documents,  Government  Printing  Office 

Washington,  D.  C. 


UNITED  STATES 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 
1927 


ii’iC  i,  •  uUAiilf 

OF  THE 

UhiVEHEITV  OF  HUSO 


IQ 


4 


CONTENTS 


Page 


Fluorspar - -  17 

Fluorspar  produced  and  shipped - 17 

History  of  production -  19 

Shipments,  by  uses - - -  21 

Fluorspar  industry  in  1926,  by  States -  22 

Colorado _  22 

Illinois _ • -  22 

Kentucky _  23 

New  Mexico _  26 

Stocks  of  fluorspar  at  mines  or  shipping  points -  |27 

Imports  and  exports _  27 

Uses  of  fluorspar -  30 

Metallurgical  industries _  30 

Steel _  30 

Ferro-alloys _  31 

Foundry _ _ _  32 

Other  metallurgical  uses _  32 

Ceramic  industries _ _ _  32  , 

Glass _  32 

Enamels _ • _  33 

Cement _  33 

Chemical  industries _ _  34 

Hydrofluoric  acid _  34  * 

Cyanamid  and  calcium  carbide _  34 

Optical  fluorspar _  34 

Consumption — stocks  at  consumers’  plants _  34 

Marketing _  35 

Markets _ _ _  36 

Consumers  of  fluorspar _  38 

Conditions  in  foreign  countries _  45 

Canada _  45 

Spain _  45 

Production,  by  countries _  48 

Cryolite -  48 


ii 


r 


SW,  V 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


By  Hubert  W.  Davis 


FLUORSPAR 

Fluorspar,  or  fluorite,  is  a  nonmetallic  crystalline  mineral  that 
usually  occurs  in  glassy  transparent  isometric  crystals,  largely  cubic, 
or  in  cleavable  masses.  Less  commonly  it  has  a  granular  or  fibrous 
structure,  and  occasionally  it  is  banded.  Fluorspar  has  a  specific 
gravity  of  3.2,  is  brittle,  has  a  hardness  of  4,  and  can  easily  be 
scratched  with  a  knife.  Fluorspar  is  a  mineral  of  many  colors,  rang¬ 
ing  from  clear,  colorless,  or  slightly  bluish,  and  glasslike  through 
various  striking  hues,  of  which  purple  and  green  are  most  common; 
much  of  it  is  white  and  opaque.  Chemically  it  consists  of  calcium 
and  fluorine  in  the  proportion  of  51.1  to  48.9. 

FLUORSPAR  PRODUCED  AND  SHIPPED 

The  steel  industry,  the  largest  user  of  fluorspar,  made  a  record 
output;  the  fluorspar  producers  did  a  larger  volume  of  business  in 
1926  than  in  1925.  The  increase  in  shipments  of  fluorspar  from  do¬ 
mestic  mines,  however,  did  not  keep  pace  with  the  increase  in  imports 
of  fluorspar,  which  were  the  largest  on  record. 

Shipments  of  domestic  fluorspar  to  steel  plants  were  15  per  cent 
more  than  in  1925,  and  those  to  manufacturers  of  glass  and  enamel 
showed  increases  of  11  and  5  per  cent,  respectively.  The  exports, 
though  small,  were  twice  as  large  as  in  1925  and  are  the  largest 
recorded  since  1922.  The  demand  for  domestic  fluorspar  by  chemical 
manufacturers  was  about  23  per  cent  less  than  in  the  preceding  year, 
and  the  shipments  to  foundries  were  about  the  same  as  in  1925. 

In  1926  shipments  of  fluorspar  from  domestic  mines  aggregated 
128,657  short  tons,  valued  at  $2,341,277,  or  an  increase  of  13  "per  cent 
in  quantity  and  of  14  per  cent  in  total  value  compared  with  1925. 
The  general  average  value  per  ton  f.  o.  b.  mines  or  shipping  points 
for  all  grades  in  1926  was  $18.20,  which  is  14  cents  higher  than  the 
average  in  1925.  The  general  average  value  of  the  fluorspar  shipped 
to  steel  plants  in  1926  from  the  Illinois-Kentucky  district  was  $16.98 
a  ton  and  from  the  Colorado-New  Mexico  district  $12.69  a  ton.  This 
difference  in  average  values  does  not  necessarily  represent  differences 
in  quality  of  fluorspar  from  these  two  districts,  but  differences  in 
freight  costs  from  the  mines  to  consuming  centers. 

The  table  that  follows  presents  £uch  details  of  the  shipments  of 
fluorspar  for  1923  to  1926,  by  States,  as  may  be  published  without 
revealing,  except  by  permission,  the  statistics  of  individual  producers. 

17 

| 56167 


Fluorspar  shipped  from  mines  in  the  United  States ,  1923-1926 


18 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


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FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


19 


HISTORY  OF  PRODUCTION 

The  accompanying  table  presents  statistics  of  the  production  of 
fluorspar  in  different  States  beginning  with  1880.  The  record  of 
production  prior  to  1880  was  not  obtained,  and  the  statistics  for  Ken¬ 
tucky  and  Colorado  are  incomplete  for  certain  years  after  1880,  so 
that  more  fluorspar  has  been  mined  than  the  table  shows.  The  un¬ 
recorded  output  must  be  small,  however,  as  the  advantages  of  fluor¬ 
spar  over  limestone  as  a  flux  in  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  have 
been  generally  recognized  only  since  about  1899.  Before  that  time 
fluorspar  was  used  mainly  in  the  preparation  of  hydrofluoric  acid 
and  in  the  manufacture  of  opalescent  glass ;  consequently  the  demand 
was  small. 

The  production  of  fluorspar  by  years  for  1880  to  1904,  a  brief  dis¬ 
cussion  of  the  history  of  mining  in  the  different  States,  and  estimates 
of  unrecorded  output  in  early  years  are  given  in  Mineral  Resources 
for  1925,  pp.  9  to  14. 


\ 


✓ 


3 


Fluorspar  produced  1  in  the  United  States,  IS 80- 19 26,  by  States 


20  MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


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i  Beginning  with  1906  figures  represent  shipments  from  mines.  2  Value  for  New  Mexico  for  1926  included  with  Colorado. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


21 


SHIPMENTS,  BY  USES 

The  table  that  follows  shows  the  relative  dependence  of  the  fluor¬ 
spar  industry  on  the  different  industries  in  which  fluorspar  is  used. 
The  predominance  of  the  steel  industry  as  a  purchaser  of  fluorspar 
is  evident.  The  high  value  of  fluorspar  for  hydrofluoric  acid,  glass, 
and  enamel  and  sanitary  ware  is  due  to  the  high  quality  demanded. 


Fluorspar  shipped  from  mines  in  the  United  States,  1925-36,  by  uses 


1925 

• 

1826 

Use 

Per- 

Short 

tons 

Value 

Per- 

Short 

tons 

Value 

cent- 

age 

Total 

Aver¬ 

age 

cent- 

age 

Total 

Aver¬ 

age 

Steel _  _ 

80.  73 

91,  760 

$1,482,  461 

$16. 16 

82.09 

105,  614 

$1,  744, 085 

$16.  51 

Foundry... _  ... _ 

5.  52 

6,  275 

121,177 

19.  31 

4.83 

6,  212 

121,453 

19.  55 

Class _  _  _ 

5.  95 

6,  767 

211,331 

31.23 

5.  83 

7,  507 

240, 288 

32.  01 

Enamel  and  sanitary  ware.  .  .  . 

Hydrofluoric  acid  (including  fluor¬ 
spar  used  in  manufacture  of 

2.  85 

3,237 

101,060 

31.22 

2.  65 

3,410 

113,445 

33.  27 

aluminum  and  refining  of  lead)... 

3.  92 

4,  455 

114,  059 

25.60 

2.  65 

3,410 

79, 105 

23.  20 

Miscellaneous.  ...  .  _ _ 

.10 

120 

4,  680 

39.00 

.29 

372 

7,  986 

21.47 

99.  07 

112,614 

2,  034,  768 

18.  07 

98.  34 

126,  525 

2,  306, 362 

18.23 

Exported _ _ _  ...  _ 

.93 

1,055 

17,  574 

16.  66 

1.66 

2, 132 

34,  915 

16.  38 

100.  00 

113, 669 

2,  052, 342 

18.06 

100.00 

128,  657 

2,  341,  277 

18.  20 

In  1926  fluorspar  was  produced  in  four  States — Colorado,  Illinois, 
Kentucky,  and  New  Mexico — of  these  only  Kentucky  showed  an 
increase. 

The  production  of  crude  fluorspar  in  1926  is  estimated  at  245,253 
short  tons,  which  is  equivalent  to  133,077  tons  of  merchantable  fluor¬ 
spar.  The  quantity  of  crude  fluorspar  treated  in  1926  was  242,674 
short  tons,  from  which  was  recovered  130,918  tons  of  merchantable 
fluorspar.  Thus,  for  each  ton  of  merchantable  fluorspar  recovered  in 
1926,  1.85  tons  of  crude  fluorspar  was  handled. 


Fluorspar-bearing  rock  mined  in  1926,  by  States,  in  short  tons 


State 

Mines 
and  pros¬ 
pects 
worked 

Fluorspar¬ 

bearing 

rock 

mined 

Merchant¬ 
able  fluor¬ 
spar  equiva¬ 
lent 

Illinois  . . . -  .  ...  _ _  _ 

9 

84,  575 

50,  053 
70.  585 
12,  439 

Kentucky  . . . . . . . . .  .  ...  _ 

36 

133;  203 
27,  475 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  _ _ _ _ _  ..  _ 

6 

51 

245,  253 

133,  077 

Fluorspar-bearing  rock  treated  and  merchantable  fluorspar  recovered  in  1926, 

by  States  where  mined,  in  short  tons 


Illinois.- . . 

Kentucky _ 

Colorado  and  New  Mexico 


Fluorspar¬ 

bearing 

rock 

treated 

Merchant¬ 

able 

fluorspar 

recovered 

Ratio  of 
treated 
rock  to 
fluorspar 
recovered 

92,  291 

55,  088 

1.675 

123.  467 

63,  616 

1.941 

26,  916 

12,  214 

2.204 

242,  674 

130,  918 

1.854 

>  )  MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 

FLUORSPAR  INDUSTRY  IN  1926,  BY  STATES 

COLORADO 

The  shipments  of  fluorspar  from  Colorado  mines  in  1926  amounted 
to  10,440  short  tons,  a  decrease  of  11  per  cent  from  1925.  Of  these 
shipments  10,054  tons  was  sold  for  use  in  steel  plants,  385  tons  for  use 
in  foundries,  and  1  ton  was  sold  for  unknown  use. 

In  1926,  as  in  1925,  the  Wagon  Wheel  Gap  mine,  l1/^  miles  south¬ 
west  of  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  in  Mineral  County,  was  the  largest  pro¬ 
ducer  of  fluorspar  in  Colorado.  About  44  per  cent  of  the  shipments 
from  this  mine  in  1926  went  to  the  steel  works  at  Pueblo,  Colo.,  and 
the  remainder,  56  per  cent,  went  to  consumers  in  the  mid-west  and 
on  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  only  mine  in  Jackson  County  from  which  fluorspar  is  pro¬ 
duced  is  about  3  miles  northwest  of  Northgate.  It  was  worked  about 
two  and  one-half  months  in  1926,  during  which  time  development 
work  was  carried  on  and  an  additional  stope  was  opened  for  produc¬ 
tion.  The  fluorspar  produced  at  this  mine  in  1926  was  of  fluxing 
grade  and  was  shipped  to  mid- west  markets. 

During  1926  some  fluorspar  of  fluxing  grade  was  produced  in  the 
Jamestown  district,  in  Boulder  County;  all  of  it  was  treated  at  the 
Lehman  mill,  whence  it  was  shipped  to  a  mid- west  consumer. 

The  names  and  addresses  of  shippers  of  fluorspar  from  Colorado 
in  1926  are  given  below : 

Shippers  of  fluorspar  from  Colorado  in  1926 


Colorado  Fluorspar  Corporation _ Cowdrey,  Colo. 

Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Co _ _ _ : _ Denver,  Colo. 

E.  W.  Lehman _ Jamestown,  Colo. 


ILLINOIS 

In  1926  the  quantity  of  crude  fluorspar  milled  in  Illinois  aggre¬ 
gated  92,291  short  tons,  from  which  was  recovered  55,088  tons  of 
merchantable  fluorspar,  a  loss  in  treating  of  37,203  tons  and  a  ratio 
of  1.675 : 1.  In  1926  shipments  of  fluorspar  from  Illinois  amounted 
to  53,734  short  tons,  or  a  decrease  of  about  1  per  cent;  they  were 
reported  distributed  among  the  various  industries  as  follows : 

Distribution  among  the  various  industries  of  fluorspar  from  Illinois  in  1926 


Industry  :  Short  tons 

Steel _  45,328 

Foundry _  1,  854 

Glass _ 3,  009 

Enamel _  1,  591 

Hydrofluoric  acid _ 1.  501 

Miscellaneous _  371 

Exported _  80 


53,  734 

In  1926,  as  in  1925,  the  Daisy  mine  was  the  largest  producer  of 
fluorspar  in  Illinois.  The  output  of  this  mine  was  supplemented  by 
considerable  fluorspar  from  the  Empire  mine,  which  is  worked  under 
lease  by  the  operators  of  the  Daisy  mine.  Exploration  and  develop¬ 
ment  work  conducted  during  the  year  at  the  Daisy  mine  and  north 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


23 


of  it  was  reported  as  satisfactory,  maintaining  ore  reserves  well 
ahead  of  mining.  Two  hydraulic  classifiers,  6  drag  dewatering 
machines,  and  6  concentrating  tables  were  added  to  the  Rosiclare 
mill,  at  which  the  ore  from  the  Daisy  and  Empire  mines  is  treated. 
This  improvement  has  increased  mill  efficiency  considerably  and  has 
given  better  separation  of  fluorspar  and  gangue  and  a  better  quality 
of  concentrate.  The  mill  equipment,  which  was  formerly  supplied 
with  direct  current,  is  being  converted  to  use  alternating  current.  At 
the  Daisy  mine  alternating  current  was  substituted  for  direct  during 
1926. 

During  1926  the  Franklin  Fluorspar  Co.  did  no  actual  mining  of 
fluorspar  at  its  Illinois  mines,  although  some  crude  fluorspar  was 
recovered  in  cleaning  up  the  mines.  Its  mill,  however,  was  operated 
during  the  year,  treating  stock  pile  and  purchased  fluorspar  and  mill 
tailings.  This  company  is  reported  to  have  done  some  experimental 
work  on  the  flotation  of  fluorspar.  In  1926  it  sold  6,400  ounces  of 
fluorspar  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  optical  instruments. 

The  Hillside  mine,  on  the  eastern  extension  of  the  Rosiclare  vein, 
was  worked  on  a  considerably  increased  scale  during  1926.  A  new 
body  of  fluorspar  was  reported  developed. 

At  the  Spar  Mountain  mine,  located  about  5  miles  northeast  of 
Cave  in  Rock,  Ill.,  considerable  important  development  work  was 
reported  done  in  1926,  resulting  in  materially  increasing  the  existing 
reserves.  The  mill  in  which  the  fluorspar  from  this  mine  is  treated  is 
situated  at  Cave  in  Rock,  from  which  the  finished  fluorspar  is  trans¬ 
ported  about  25  miles  up  the  Ohio  River  to  Shawneetown.  Ill.,  whence 
it  is  transferred  to  railroad  cars  and  shipped  to  consumers.  A  large 
quantity  of  fluorspar  was  shipped  from  this  mine  in  1926. 

Some  fluorspar  was  mined  at  the  Dimick  and  Patrick  mines,  near 
Rosiclare,  Ill.,  and  was  sold  to  the  Franklin  mill. 

A  deposit  of  fluorspar  on  the  Knight  property  in  Pope  County 
was  being  developed  during  1926,  in  the  course  of  which  a  small 
quantity  of  fluorspar  was  mined  but  not  sold. 

Some  development  work  was  done  in  1926  at  the  Lead  Hill  mine, 
about  4  miles  northeast  of  Cave  in  Rock,  and  some  fluorspar  was 
mined  and  shipped. 

A  list  of  producers  of  fluorspar  in  Illinois  in  1926,  with  their  post- 
office  addresses,  follows: 

Producers  of  fluorspar  in  Illinois  m  1926 


Basic  Mineral  Co _ a - Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Benzon  Fluorspar  Co - Cave  in  Rock,  Ill. 

Dimick,  W.  E _ Rosiclare,  Ill. 

Douglas  Fluorspar  Mines  Co _  Karbers  Ridge,  Ill. 

Franklin  Fluorspar  Co _ _ _ Paducah,  Ky. 

Hillside  Fluor  Spar  Mines _ _ Chicago,  Ill. 

Knight,  E.  A.  and  A.  D _ Rosiclare,  Ill. 

Rosiclare  Lead  &  Fluorspar  Mining  Co _ Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Troutman,  W.  E _ Rosiclare,  Ill. 


KENTUCKY 


The  quantity  of  crude  fluorspar  treated  in  Kentucky  in  1926  was 
123,467  short  tons,  from  which  was  recovered  63,616  tons  of  mer¬ 
chantable  fluorspar,  a  loss  in  milling  of  59,851  tons  and  a  ratio  of 


1.941 : 1. 


52216—27 


■2 


24 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


The  shipments  of  fluorspar  from  Kentucky  in  1926  amounted  to 
62,494  short  tons,  an  increase  of  39  per  cent  over  1925.  They  were 
the  second  largest  ever  recorded  for  that  State,  and  for  the  second 
time  since  1904  they  exceeded  those  of  Illinois.  The  shipments  of 
fluorspar  from  Kentucky  in  1926  were  distributed  among  the  indus¬ 
tries  as  follows : 

Distribution  among  the  various  industries  of  fluorspar  from  Kentucky  in  1926 


Industry : 

Steel _ 

Foundry - 

Glass _ 

Enamel _ 

Hydrofluoric  acid 
Exported _ 


Short  tons 
48,774 
3, 548 
4, 498 
1, 743 
1, 879 
2, 052 


62,  494 

In  1926  much  activity  in  the  development  of  bodies  of  fluorspar  was 
reported  in  Caldwell  County,  Ky.  The  deposits  in  this  county  occur 
east  and  southeast  of  Fredonia  and  north  and  northwest  of  Princeton. 
At  the  Marble  property,  about  4  miles  east  of  Fredonia,  where  fluor¬ 
spar  is  reported  to  have  been  first  mined  in  Caldwell  County,  develop¬ 
ment  work  was  begun  in  July,  1926,  and  continued  with  satisfactory 
results  until  November  1.  The  present  operators  have  located  about 
500  feet  from  the  old  workings,  and  report  that  they  have  found  in 
virgin  ground  a  shoot  of  fluorspar  which  appears  to  be  larger  and 
better  than  that  at  the  old  workings.  Some  fluorspar  was  found 
within  5  feet  of  the  surface.  The  shaft  has  been  sunk  50  feet  and  a 
135 -foot  level  has  been  driven  in  ore  3  to  5  feet  wide.  This  new  work 
has  developed  a  large  supply  of  fluorspar.  Development  work  was 
reported  in  progress  on  an  adjoining  property,  to  which  the  same  vein 
extends. 

A  fluorspar  property  2%  miles  from  Crider,  in  Caldwell  County, 
which  was  being  developed  in  1925  by  the  Princeton  Spar  Co.,  was 
leased  on  February  12,  1926,  to  the  Pigmy  Corporation,  which  con¬ 
ducted  mining  operations  on  a  small  scale. 

A  small  quantity  of  fluorspar  mined  from  a  deposit  near  Princeton 
was  shipped  to  Marion,  Ky.,  where  it  was  treated  in  the  mill  of  the 
Kentucky  Fluorspar  Co. 

The  Watson  (or  Liberty  Bond)  mine,  7  miles  southwest  of  Marion, 
was  operated  on  a  much  enlarged  scale  during  1926.  About  one- 
fifth  of  the  product  from  this  mine  was  shipped  for  use  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  hydrofluoric  acid  and  the  remainder  wTas  sold  to  the 
Franklin  and  Kentucky  mills  at  Marion. 

In  1926  the  Franklin  Fluorspar  Co.  handled  the  output  of  its  own 
mines — the  Susie  Beeler,  Mary  Belle,  Memphis,  Brown,  Ada  Flor¬ 
ence,  Beard,  Loveless,  Cross,  and  Tyner  mines,  which  are  5  to  15 
miles  from  Marion,  and  the  Haffaw  mine,  situated  about  1  mile 
from  Mexico,  Ky. — and  to  meet  requirements  purchased  consid¬ 
erable  fluorspar  from  the  Watson,  Butler,  Summers,  Davenport, 
Holly,  and  other  mines.  This  company  has  well-equipped  mills  lo¬ 
cated  at  Marion  and  Mexico,  where  the  fluorspar  from  its  own  mines 
and  that  purchased  is  prepared  for  the  market.  The  Loveless  and 
Cross  (or  Ebbie  Hodge)  mines  were  purchased  by  the  Franklin 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE  25 

Fluorspar  Co.  in  1926,  and  the  Manley  and  Tyner  mines  were  leased 
for  5  and  10  years,  respectively. 

The  Lucile  mine  was  one  of  the  important  producers  of  fluorspar 
in  the  Kentucky  district  in  1926.  This  mine  is  a  short  distance  south 
of  the  railroad  station  at  Marion  and  is  of  particular  interest  because 
of  its  remoteness  from  other  productive  mines,  the  nearest  being 
about  5  miles.  Operations  at  the  Lucile  mine  were  suspended  about 
1922  as  the  vein  seemed  to  be  exhausted,  but  a  cave-in  in  the  old 
workings  later  showed  a  little  fluorspar,  which  upon  being  traced  re¬ 
vealed  a  large  body.  From  October  15,  1925,  to  December  31,  1926, 
this  vein  has  yielded  about  5,700  tons  of  crude  fluorspar.  The  fluor¬ 
spar  from  this  mine  is  treated  in  the  Kentucky  mill,  which  is  adja- 
cent  to  the  mine,  on  a  tonnage  basis  for  the  producer. 

During  1926  development  work,  including  the  sinking  of  a  shaft 
from  the  170-foot  level  to  the  270-foot  level  and  crosscutting  to  and 
drifting  on  the  vein,  was  done  at  the  Lafayette  mines,  near  Mexico, 
Ky.  Mining  operations  included  both  development  of  virgin  fluor¬ 
spar  bodies  and  recovery  of  fluorspar  remaining  in  old  workings  of 
former  operators.  During  the  year  the  concentrating  plant,  which 
is  connected  with  the  mines  by  a  narrow-gauge  railroad,  was  enlarged 
and  revised  to  increase  the  capacity  of  fluorspar  production  and  to 
improve  the  recovery  of  lead  and  zinc.  An  engine  house  and  a 
headframe  for  the  new  shaft  were  installed,  two  employees’  residences 
and  minor  surface  construction  were  completed,  and  the  water-supply 
reservoir  for  the  mill  was  enlarged. 

The  Blue  &  Marble  mine,  about  1  mile  south  of  Mexico,  Ky., 
shipped  about  one-fourth  less  fluorspar  than  in  1925. 

The  Holly  mine,  about  10  miles  west  of  Marion,  Ivy.,  was  worked 
on  an  increased  scale  in  1926. 

The  Independent  mine,  about  8  miles  from  Marion,  Ky.,  produced 
about  five  times  as  much  fluorspar  as  in  1925,  all  of  which  was  sold 
to  the  local  mills.  . 

The  Kentucky  Fluorspar  Co.,  which  has  a  mill  a  short  distance 
south  of  the  station  of  Marion,  did  a  larger  volume  of  business  than 
in  1925;  its  sales  consisted  of  about  59  per  cent  of  ground  fluorspar 
and  41  per  cent  of  fluxing  grades.  This  company  does  not  operate 
any  mines,  but  buys  part  or  all  of  the  output  of  many  local  mines 
and  prospects.  In  1926  it  obtained  its  supply  mainly  from  the 
Pogue,  Lucile,  Holly,  Summers,  Nancy  Hanks,  and  Hodge  mines. 
Considerable  custom  milling  on  a  contract  or  tonnage  basis  is  done  at 
this  mill. 

During  1926  about  17,000  short  tons  of  fluorspar  was  sold  to  the 
Kentucky  and  Franklin  mills  in  Kentucky.  By  buying  fluorspar 
outright  or  by  treating  it  on  contract  or  on  a  tonnage  basis  these 
mills  thus  enable  many  producers  to  work  deposits  that  are  too  small 
to  warrant  the  expense  of  installing  the  necessary  equipment  for 
preparing  fluorspar  that  will  meet  the  requirements  of  consumers. 
Moreover,  they  provide  a  market  for  producers  who  do  not  have 
direct  market  connections  and  for  those  who  have  mines  with  a 
capacity  to  produce  in  excess  of  the  demand  of  their  customers. 

In  Livingston  County  the  largest  producing  mine  is  the  Bonanza, 
situated  about  iy2  miles  southwest  of  Lola  and  about  18  miles  west 
of  Marion,  the  shipping  point.  This  mine,  which  is  equipped  with  a 


26 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926- — PART  II 


mill  of  50-ton  capacity,  was  operated  on  a  much  reduced  scale  in 
1926,  producing  about  half  as  much  fluorspar  as  in  1925. 

The  Nancy  Hanks  mine,  about  1%  miles  southeast  of  Salem  and 
about  13  miles  southwest  of  Marion,  produced  some  fluorspar  which 
was  sold  to  the  Kentucky  mill  at  Marion. 

The  mining  activities  at  the  Hudson  mine,  about  2 y2  miles  south¬ 
west  of  Salem,  are  directed  mainly  toward  the  production  of  zinc 
carbonate,  although  fluorspar  occurs  and  some  was  produced  in  1926. 

The  Butler  and  Cullens  mines,  near  Salem,  Livingston  Countjq 
reported  a  small  production  of  fluorspar  in  1926. 

The  list  that  follows  contains  the  names  and  office  addresses  of 
operators  of  fluorspar  mines  or  mills  in  Kentucky  that  sold  300  tons 
or  more  each  in  1926. 

Operators  of  chief  fluorspar  mines  or  mills  in  Kentucky  in  1926 


Conger,  Wring  &  Co - Mexico,  Ky. 

Eagle  Fluor  Spar  Co - Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

Franklin  Fluorspar  Co _ Paducah,  Ky. 

Gugenheim  Mining  Co _ Marion,  Ky. 

Haynes,  W.  V - Marion,  Ivy. 

Henry  &  Frazer _ Mariori,  Ky. 

Holly  Fluorspar  Co _ Marion,  Ky. 

Independent  Fluorspar  Co _ Marion,  Ky. 

Kentucky  Fluorspar  Co _ Marion,  Ky. 

Keystone  Fluorspar  &  Lead  Co _ _ _ Hopkinsville,  Ky. 

Lafayette  Fluorspar  Co _ Duluth,  Minn. 

Pigmy  Corporation  (Oglebay  Norton  &  Co.) _ Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Stewart  Spar  Co _ Marion,  Ky. 

United  Mining  Co _ _ Lola,  Ky. 


NEW  MEXICO 

Shipments  of  fluorspar  from  New  Mexico  in  1926  aggregated  1,989 
short  tons,  a  decrease  of  25  per  cent  from  1925. 

The  Tortugas  mine,  near  Mesilla  Park,  Dona  Ana  County,  was 
the  main  producer  and  shipper  of  fluorspar  in  New  Mexico  in  1926. 
The  main  shaft  at  this  mine  is  sunk  286  feet.  The  fluorspar  is  re¬ 
ported  to  be  blocked  out  from  the  150-foot  level  to  the  286-foot 
level,  with  the  best  showing  on  the  lower  level.  In  1926  the  operators 
of  the  Tortugas  mine  also  worked  a  property  near  Deming,  Luna 
County. 

Sierra  County  reported  considerable  activity  in  the  development 
of  bodies  of  fluorspar  and  in  installing  equipment  to  treat  the  ore. 
At  a  property  near  Derry  and  23  miles  from  Hatch,  the  shipping 
point,  two  claims  have  been  reported  leased  to  an  operator  who  is 
said  to  be  installing  a  mill  that  would  produce  50  tons  of  finished 
product  a  day.  The  mill  will  consist  of  a  decrepitator  and  tables. 

Development  work  was  reported  carried  on  during  1926  at  a  prop¬ 
erty  4 y2  miles  south  of  Hot  Springs  and  about  25  miles  from  Engle, 
the  shipping  point.  A  mill  that  will  handle  2  tons  of  crude  ore  an 
hour  and  make  high-grade  ground  fluorspar  has  been  completed.  A 
small  quantity  of  100-mesh  ground  fluorspar  averaging  96.5  per  cent 
of  calcium  fluoride  and  1.6  per  cent  of  silica  was  shipped  to  a  manu¬ 
facturer  of  hydrofluoric  acid.  Equipment  for  concentrating  the 
fluorspar  to  98  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  1  per  cent  of  silica 
is  said  to  be  under  construction. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


27 


The  Lava  Gap  mine,  in  Socorro  County,  28  miles  from  Oseuro, 
the  shipping  point,  was  nonproductive  in  1926,  but  a  small  quantity 
of  lump  fluorspar  from  stock  was  shipped  to  a  foundry. 

Producers  and  shippers  of  fluorspar  from  New  Mexico  in  1926  were 
as  follows: 

Producers  and  shippers  of  fluorspar  from  New  Mexico  in  1926 

Fluor  Spar  Mines  of  America _ Hot  Springs,  N.  Mex. 

Hayner  &  Manasse _ _ Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 


STOCKS  OF  FLUORSPAR  AT  MINES  OR  SHIPPING  POINTS 

According  to  the  reports  of  producers  the  total  quantity  of  fluor¬ 
spar  in  stock  at  the  mines  or  at  shipping  points  at  the  close  of  1926 
amounted  to  68,997  short  tons,  an  increase  of  3  per  cent  over  1925. 
These  stocks  consisted  of  20,731  tons  of  ready-to-ship  fluorspar  and 
of  48,266  tons  of  crude  fluorspar  still  to  be  milled,  calculated  to  be 
equivalent  to  about  27,000  tons  of  ready-to-ship  fluorspar.  As  the 
quantity  of  fluorspar  in  stock  piles  must  be  partly  estimated,  the 
mine  reports  vary  from  year  to  year,  preventing  an  absolute  balance 
between  the  quantity  mined  and  the  quantity  shipped  and  in  stock. 


Stocks  of  fluorspar  at  mines  or  shipping  points  in  the  United  States ,  1925-26, 

t)y  States,  in  short  tons 


State 

1925 

1926 

Crude  > 

Ready- 

to-ship 

Total 

Crude  1 

Ready- 

to-ship 

Total 

Arizona.  ...  .  .  ...  _ 

Colorado  .  .  .  _ _ _  . 

Illinois.-  .  ....  .....  .. 

175 
1,048 
12, 266 
30, 318 
250 
230 
48 

225 
250 
12, 530 
9, 216 
280 
50 

400 
1,298 
24,  796 
39,  534 
530 
280 
48 

175 

1,048 

4,516 

41,419 

250 

810 

48 

225 
40 
13, 193 
6, 933 
280 
60 

400 
1,088 
17, 709 
48,352 
520 
870 
48 

Kentucky...  .  .  ...  _ _ 

Nevada...  ...  .  .  _ 

New  Mexico.  ... _  _  ...  .  _ 

Texas..  _ _ _ 

44,  335 

22,  551 

66,  886 

48,  266 

20,  731 

68,997 

1  The  greater  part  of  this  crude  (run-of-mine)  fluorspar  must  be  beneficiated  before  it  can  be  marketed. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  1 

The  total  imports  of  fluorspar  into  the  United  States  in  1926 
amounted  to  75,671  short  tons,  valued 2  at  $747,237,  and  are  the 
largest  ever  recorded.  The  imports  in  1926  showed  an  increase  of 
55  per  cent  in  quantity  and  59  per  cent  in  total  value  over  1925.  The 
value  assigned  to  the  foreign  fluorspar  averaged  $9.87  a  ton.  The 
cost  to.  the  consumers  in  the  LTnitecl  States  includes,  in  addition,  the 
duty  of  $5  a  short  ton,  loading  charges  at  the  docks,  the  ocean  freight 


1  Figures  on  imports  were  compiled  by  J.  A.  Dorsey,  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  from 
records  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce ;  those  on  exports  were  supplied 
by  the  producers.  No  exports  of  fluorspar  are  recorded  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce. 

2  “  The  value  of  imported  merchandise  *  *  *  is  the  foreign  value  or  the  export  value, 

whichever  is  higher,  that  is,  the  market  value  or  the  price  at  which  the  merchandise,  at 
the  time  of  exportation  to  the  United  States,  is  offered  for  sale  in  the  principal  markets 
of  the  country  from  which  exported,  including  the  cost  of  containers  or  coverings  and  all 
expenses  (including  any  export  tax)  incident  to  placing  the  merchandise  in  condition  ready 
for  shipment  to>  the  United  States,  as  defined  in  section  402  of  the  tariff  act  of  1922.” 


28 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


charges,  and  other  charges,  besides  the  freight  charges  from  docks 
to  manufacturers’  plants. 

The  imports  were  equivalent  to  59  per  cent  of  the  domestic  ship¬ 
ments  of  fluorspar,  as  compared  with  43  per  cent  in  1925. 

The  United  Kingdom  continues  to  be  the  chief  source  of  imported 
fluorspar,  supplying  39  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1926.  Most  of  the 
fluorspar  from  this  source  is  of  fluxing  grade,  and  the  cost  to  con¬ 
sumers  in  the  United  States  is  reported  to  have  ranged  between  $14.50 
and  $19  a  short  ton,  duty  paid,  at  tidewater;  the  lower  price  was 
for  material  of  off  grade,  some  of  which  containing  as  low  as  83  per 
cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  6  per  cent  of  silica  was  imported  in  1926. 
According  to  reports  of  importers  of  26,259  short  tons  of  English 
fluorspar  which  was  sold  to  steel  manufacturers,  the  selling  price  of 
this  quantity  at  tidewater,  duty  paid,  averaged  between  $16.75  and 
$17  a  short  ton. 

In  1926  the  imports  of  fluorspar  from  Germany  showed  an  increase 
of  75  per  cent  in  quantity.  Although  the  greater  part  of  the  fluor¬ 
spar  from  Germany  was  sold  for  use  in  steel  plants,  some  ground 
fluorspar  was  imported  and  sold  to  manufacturers  of  glass  and 
enamel.  A  small  quantity  of  fluorspar  for  use  in  the  manufacture 
of  hydrofluoric  acid  was  also  imported,  the  selling  price  of  which 
was  said  to  have  ranged  between  $28  and  $32  a  short  ton,  duty  paid, 
at  tidewater.  German  fluorspar  sold  to  manufacturers  of  glass  and 
enamel  was  reported  to  have  brought  between  $30  and  $40  a  short 
ton,  duty  paid,  at  tidewater,  and  that  sold  to  steel  plants  between 
$16  and  $17.50  a  short  ton,  duty  paid,  at  tidewater.  About  1,400 
short  tons  of  ground  fluorspar  and  more  than  300  tons  of  acid-grade 
fluorspar  were  reported  imported  from  Germany  in  1926. 

In  1926  the  imports  of  fluorspar  from  Afr.ca  were  a  little  more 
than  in  1925.  All  of  the  fluorspar  from  this  source  is  of  acid  grade 
and  is/used  in  the  manufacture  of  hydrofluoric  acid.  Some  of  the 
fluorspar  from  Africa  is  said  to  haA^e  brought  between  $28  and  $34 
a  short  ton,  duty  paid,  at  tidewater. 

In  1926  the  imports  of  fluorspar  from  France — 11,163  short  tons — 
were  nearly  four  and  one-half  times  those  of  1925  and  reflect  the 
increased  operations  of  the  neAvly  opened  mines  in  the  Department 
of  Var.  Mineral  Resources  for  1925  (p.  22)  contains  some  notes 
concerning  these  mines.  They  are  10  to  15  miles  from  the  seacoast, 
and  it  was  reported  that  a  railroad  to  connect  them  with  the  coast 
was  under  construction  in  1926.  Except  for  a  small  quantity  of 
fluorspar  that  was  ground  in  the  United  States  and  sold  for  use  in 
the  glass  industry  and  a  feAv  hundred  tons  that  was  sold  to  foun¬ 
dries,  all  of  the  fluorspar  imported  from  France  was  sold  for  use  in 
steel  plants;  the  selling  price  ranged  between  $15.75  and  $17.50  a 
short  ton.  duty  paid,  at  tidewater.  According  to  reports  .of  im¬ 
porters  of  10,418  short  tons  of  French  fluorspar  which  was  sold  to 
steel  makers,  the  selling  price  of  this  quantity  at  tidewater,  duty  paid, 
averaged  about  $16.50  a  short  ton  in  1926. 

In  1926  importations  of  fluorspar  from  Spain  were  recorded  for 
the  first  time;  although  the  quantity  was  only  2,948  tons  it  gives 
promise  of  increasing.  The  imports  from  this  source  probably  reflect 
the  activities  of  the  Berta  mine,  near  Barcelona,  which  was  reopened 
in  1925  and  seemingly  contains  a  large  deposit  of  fluorspar.  Some 
notes  concerning  this  mine  are  given  on  pages  45  to  48. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


29 


The  imports  of  fluorspar  from  Italy  decreased  from  4,278  short 
tons  in  1925  to  1,379  tons  in  1926.  Most  of  this  fluorspar  was  sold 
for  use  in  steel  plants,  and  the  selling  price  averaged  about  $16.50 
a  short  ton,  duty  paid,  at  tidewater.  Ground  fluorspar  amounting 
to  440  short  tons  and  containing  96  per  cent  or  more  of  calcium 
fluoride  and  less  than  2  per  cent  of  silica  was  imported  from  Italy 
in  1926  and  was  sold  to  manufacturers  of  enameled  and  sanitary 
ware. 

Although  Canada  is  credited  with  exporting  1,109  short  tons  of 
fluorspar  to  the  United  States  in  1926,  the  fluorspar  apparently  was 
not  produced  there  but  was  probably  imported  into  Canada  from 
Europe  and  was  reexported  to  the  United  States. 

Chinese  fluorspar  was  sold  to  steel  manufacturers  in  California 
and  Washington,  and  one  shipment  of  55  short  tons  was  reported 
to  have  been  sold  to  an  eastern  consumer  for  use  in  the  manufacture 
of  hydrofluoric  acid. 

The  tariff  act  of  1922  increased  the  import  duty  on  fluorspar  from 
$1.50  .a  long  ton  ($1.34  a  short  ton)  to  $5.60  a  long  ton  ($5  a  short 
ton). 

The  distances  that  domestic  fluorspar  must  be  transported  by  rail 
from  mines  to  steel  plants  in  the  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Valleys 
of  Pennsylvania  are  much  greater  than  the  distances  that  foreign 
fluorspar  must  be  moved  from  the  ports  of  entry  to  these  plants; 
moreover,  a  large  part  of  the  imported  material  is  carried  as  ballast, 
making  possible  a  lower  market  price  than  would  have  to  be  charged 
if  it  were  carried  as  a  primary  cargo.  Except  when  ocean  freight 
I  rates  are  moderate,  however,  foreign  fluorspar  can  not  compete  read¬ 
ily  in  American  markets,  because  it  is  not  generally  of  such  high 
grade  as  the  mechanically  cleaned  domestic  product.  As  tire  value 
of  fluorspar  depends  mainly  upon  its  purity,  comparison  of  the 
!  American  fluorspar  with  foreign  fluorspar  should  be  made  not 
merely  on- the  basis  of  price  per  ton  but  on  the  basis  of  quality  as  well. 

Fluorspar  imported  into  the  United  States,  1025-26,  by  countries 


[General  imports] 


Country 

1925 

1926 

Short 

tons 

V 

Value 

Short 

tons 

Value 

Total 

• 

Average 

Total 

Average 

Africa: 

British  South, _ _  _  _ 

7,  906 

$108,  647 

$13.  74 

7,  534 

$123, 734 

$16.  42 

British  West  ... 

610 

7, 933 

13.00 

Portuguese  East 

362 

4,835 

13.  36 

Belgium  _ 

78 

1,  624 

20.  82 

31 

566 

18.  26 

Canada _ 

1, 109 

10,310 

9.  30 

China . . 

559 

5,816 

10.  40 

645 

5, 992 

9.  29 

Czechoslovakia _  . 

27 

591 

21.  89 

France.  . 

2,  537 

20,  887 

8.23 

11,163 

90,  737 

8.  13 

Germany 

11,680 

103,  845 

8.  89 

20,  465 

171,769 

8.  39 

Italy.  .  . 

4,  278 

32,  208 

7.  53 

1,379 

15,  434 

11.  19 

Soviet  Russia  in  Asia  _  .  ... 

18 

277 

15.  39 

Spain.. 

2,  948 

33,915 

11.  50 

United  Kingdom 

21,635 

195,  229 

9.  02 

29;  407 

281,  735 

9.  58 

48,  700 

468,  847 

9.  63 

75,  671 

747,  237 

9.  87 

30 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


Producers  of  fluorspar  reported  exports  in  1926  amounting  to  2,132 
short  tons,  valued  at  $34,915,  or  $16.38  a  ton,  as  compared  with  1,055 
tons,  valued  at  $17,574,  or  $16.66  a  ton,  in  1925.  All  of  th6  exported 
fluorspar  went  to  Canada  in  1926. 


Fluorspar  reported  by  producers  as  exported  from  the  United  States,  1920-1926 


Year 

Short 

Value 

tons 

Total 

Average 

1920 _ _ _ 

2,764 

$65,  475 

$23.  69 

1921 _ 

1922 _ 

1923. _ _ 

2,296 

1, 144 

40,  966 
25,312 

17.  84 
22. 13 

Year 

Short 

tons 

Value 

Total 

Average 

1924 _ _ 

617 

$14, 489 

$23.48 

1925 _ 

1,055 

17,  574 

16.  66 

1926. . . . 

2,  132 

34,  915 

16.38 

USES  OF  FLUORSPAR 

Fluorspar  has  many  uses,  but  its  most  important  use  is  in  metal¬ 
lurgical  industries,  in  which  was  used  about  86  per  cent  of  the  total 
fluorspar  consumed  in  the  United  States  in  1926.  Other  large  users 
are  the  ceramic  industries,  which  used  about  8  per  cent  of  the  total 
quantity  consumed  in  1926,  and  the  chemical  industries,  which  used 
more  than  6  per  cent  of  the  total.  A  little  fluorspar  is  used  in  optical 
instruments.  ' 

METALLURGICAL  INDUSTRIES 


Steel. — The  bulk  of  the  fluorspar  mined  in  the  United  States  and 
most  of  that  imported  is  used  in  the  steel  industry,  principally  by 
manufacturers  using  the  basic  open-hearth  process,  in  which  it  is 
added  as  a  flux  to  the  furnace  charge.  Fluorspar  gives  fluidity  to 
the  slag  and  facilitates  the  passage  of  objectionable  impurities,  such 
as  sulphur  and  phosphorus,  into  the  slag. 

Although  fluorspar  is  used  at  virtually  all  basic  open-hearth  steel 
plants,  it  is  not  used  in  all  furnace  heats.  The  addition  of  ore 
(hematite)  to  the  furnace  heats  to  eliminatei  carbon  is  said  to  make 
the  use  of  fluorspar  unnecessary,  as  in  such  heats  the  oxide  of  iron 
in  the  slag  reacts  to  form  a  sufficiently  fluid  slag.  When  high- 
manganese  pig  iron  is  used,  less  fluorspar  is  needed  than  for  ordinary 
pig  iron.  According  to  Smith,3  the  consumption  of  fluorspar  was 
12  per  cent  less  in  heats  made  with  1.5  to  2  per  cent  of  manganese 
iron  than  in  those  made  with  1  per  cent  and  less. 

The  average  quantity  of  fluorspar  used  by  individual  plants  per 
ton  of  basic  open-hearth  steel  made  varies  widely,  usually  ranging 
between  1  and  35  pounds.  In  general,  the  average  is  between  7  and 
8  pounds,  which  is  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  furnace  charge. 
The  following  table  shows  the  variation  in  average  consumption  of 
fluorspar  per  ton  of  basic  open-hearth  steel  of  certain  manufacturers 
who  make  about  70  per  cent  of  the  total. 


3  Smith,  A.  W.,  “  High-manganese  iron  possesses  advantages 
4,  Oct.  23,  1926,  p.  2. 


Daily  Metal  Trade,  sec. 


JTH  1,  i 


DUPLICATE 


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(^Binding  cost 


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FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


31 


Average  consumption  of  fluorspar  per  ton  of  steel,  1921-1926,  in  pounds 


1921 

1922 

1923 

1924 

1925 

1926 

18.  644 

18.  476 

16.  176 

19.  295 

13.  983 

12.  959 

4.  843 

7.113 

8.  973 

7.  409 

7.  893 

8.  219 

7.  633 

6.  552 

6.416 

6.  857 

6.  224 

5.  700 

9.  578 

8.804 

7.780 

5.  365 

4.  809 

6.  270 

7.  086 

5.  308 

5.  799 

5.  383 

4.  568 

4.313 

9.  224 

7.051 

6.475 

7.  652 

9.  090 

11.225 

11.  578 

9.  331 

9.880 

8.747 

8.  656 

8.  541 

Manufacturers  of  basic  open-hearth  steel  generally  require  that 
fluorspar  be  in  pieces  that  will  pass  through  a  1-inch  screen,  the 
fines  to  be  not  more  than  15  per  cent  of  the  total.  However,  varia¬ 
tion  in  size  requirements  is  not  uncommon,  and  fluorspar  in  lumps 
several  inches  in  diameter  is  sometimes  used.  Almost  universally  such 
manufacturers  specify  that  fluorspar  show  by  analysis  not  less  than 
85  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride,  not  more  than  5  per  cent  of  silica, 
and  not  more  than  0.3  per  cent  of  sulphur. 

Thus,  as  generally  computed,  one  part  of  silica  requires  2% 
parts  of  fluorspar  to  flux  it;  a  fluorspar  containing  85  per  cent 
of  calcium  fluoride  and  5  per  cent  of  silica  would  be  equivalent 
to  72 y2  units  of  net  calcium  fluoride.  With  some  manufacturers  a 
sliding  scale  is  acceptable,  and  for  each  2 y2  units  of  calcium  fluor¬ 
ide  above  85  per  cent  the  silica  is  allowed  to  go  up  1  per  cent. 
In  other  words,  a  fluorspar  containing  87^4  per  cent  of  calcium 
fluoride  and  6  per  cent  of  silica  is  equivalent  to  one  containing 
85  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  5  per  cent  of  silica.  As  a  rule, 
there  are  no  guarantees  on  the  other  elements,  but  the  consumer  pre¬ 
fers  the  absolute  minimum  of  the  lead  and  zinc.  However,  fluorspar 
carrying  as  little  as  80  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  6  to  7  per 
cent  of  silica  is  occasionally  used.  Furthermore,  some  consumers 
do  not  object  to  a  larger  amount  of  sulphur. 

Fluorspar  is  used  to  some  extent  in  the  manufacture  of  steel  by 
the  electric-furnace  process,  mainly  in  making  alloy  steels.  The 
action  of  fluorspar  in  this  process  is  similar  to  that  on  the  slag  in  the 
basic  open-hearth  process,  and  generally  fluorspar  of  the  same  grade 
is  used.  The  quantity  used  per  ton  of  steel  made,  however,  is  much 
larger,  ranging  from  a  few  pounds  to  as  much  as  80  and  averaging 
about  23  pounds. 


Analyses  of  gravel  fluorspar  used  in  steel  plants 


CaF2 

Si02 

CaC03 

Fe203 

A1203 

S 

BaS04 

Per  cent 

87.  50 
86.  7 

88.  92 
87.8 

Per  cent 
4.  00 
4.8 

3.  07 

3. 10 

Per  cent 
7.20 
7.5 
1.23 

Per  cent 
0.  60 

Per  cent 
0.  55 

Per  cent 
0. 12 

Per  cent 

1.  96 

4. 16 

3.06 

Ferro-alloys. — To  a  small  extent  fluorspar  is  'used  as  a  flux  in  mak¬ 
ing  ferro-alloys  by  the  electric-furnace  process.  For  this  purpose  a 

52216—27 - 2 


32 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 — PART  II 


fluorspar  comparatively  high  in  calcium  fluoride  and  low  in  silica 
and  fine  enough  to  give  good  distribution  is  required. 

Foundry. — Fluorspar  is  used  for  the  same  purpose  in  foundry 
practices  as  in  the  basic  open-hearth  steel  process,  and  the  require¬ 
ments  as  to  analyses  are  virtually  the  same.  The  cupolas  are  so 
constructed,  however,  that  the  fluorspar  need  not  be  in  small  sizes,  as 
many  users  believe  better  results  are  obtained  if  fluorspar  in  lump 
form  is  used.  Although  there  are  several  thousand  foundries  scat¬ 
tered  throughout  the  United  States,  the  total  quantity  of  fluorspar 
consumed  annually  is  small.  Some  foundries  use  it  as  standard  prac¬ 
tice  and  some  use  it  only  occasionally,  but  by  far  the  greater  number 
do  not  use  fluorspar  at  any  time. 

The  results  of  a  series  of  investigations  on  the  use  of  fluorspar  in 
cupola  practice  have  been  recorded  in  Stahl  und  Eisen,  an  abstract  of 
which  recently  appeared  in  the  Iron  Age.4 

Analyses  of  fluorspar  used  in  cupolas 


CaFa 

SiOa 

CaCOj 

Per  cent 

Per  cent 

Per  cent 

87.0 

4.5 

7.5 

88.5 

4.3 

6.0 

92.0 

3.5 

3.  67 

82.0 

8.0 

1.3 

Other  metallurgical  uses. — Small  quantities  of  fluorspar  are  used 
in  other  metallurgical  operations,  the  quality  and  size  of  fluorspar 
required  depending  on  the  particular  use.  For  instance,  in  the  .pro¬ 
duction  of  nickel  and  monel  metal  a  lump  fluorspar  high  in  calcium 
fluoride  and  absolutely  free  from  lead  is  required.  In  reducing 
aluminum  a  ground  fluorspar  showing  by  analysis  98.5  per  cent  of 
calcium  fluoride,  0.62  per  cent  of  silica,  and  0.74  per  cent  of  calcium 
carbonate  is  generally  used. 

CERAMIC  INDUSTRIES 

Glass. — The  chief  consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  glass  industry 
are  manufacturers  of  opal  or  opaque  glass  and  colored  glasses,  which 
are  used  for  many  purposes,  such  as  for  lamp  globes,  shades,  and 
bulbs,  soda  fountains,  liners  for  fruit  jars,  containers  for  toilet  and 
medicinal  preparations,  bars  and  rods  for  lavatories,  tableware,  and 
novelties. 

Fluorspar  used  in  the  glass  industry  is  either  packed  in  bags  or 
barrels  or  shipped  in  bulk.  It  is  generally  ground  so  that  approxi¬ 
mately  55  per  cent  will  pass  a  100-mesh  screen  and  approximately 
15  per  cent  through  a  200-mesh  screen.  Fluorspar  used  in  the  glass 
industry  generally  contains  95  per  cent  or  more  of  calcium  fluoride, 
not  more  than  3  per  cent  of  silica,  1  per  cent  or  less  of  calcium  car¬ 
bonate,  and  not  more  than  0.12  per  cent  of  iron  oxide. 

The  specifications  of  a  large  consumer  of  fluorspar  in  the  glass 
industry  follow,  and  with  some  variations  are  probably  repre¬ 
sentative  : 

Our  specifications  call  for  a  limit  of  0.12  per  cent  iron  oxide  content.  Really 
we  would  object  strongly  if  we  obtained  much  fluorspar  with  that  much  iron 


4  Iron  Age,  “  Fluorspar  in  cupola  practice  ”  ;  Apr.  7,  1927,  pp.  997-998. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


33 


in  it,  as  it  colors  the  glass,  and  we  have  been  receiving  fluorspar  from  re¬ 
sponsible  sources  around  0.06  per  cent. 

Calcium  fluoride  content  has  been  placed  at  a  minimum  of  90  per  cent. 
However,  we  receive  most  of  it  well  above  95  per  cent,  and  our  price  is  based 
on  that.  If  the  diluting  material  is  something  such  as  silica  which  is  used  in 
the  glass,  it  would  not  interfere  with  the  process,  but  would  with  the  price. 

Calcium  carbonate  content  must  not  vary  too  much,  as  it  affects  the  formula 
used  in  the  glass  batch.  We  do  not  want  lead,  zinc,  or  sulphur,  so  this  specifi¬ 
cation  is  not  a  usual  one  in  the  glass  trade.  We  do  this  because  we  neutralize 
these  materials  rather  accurately,  and  too  much  of  them  will  give  us  an  off 
shade  in  color. 

All  our  material  is  bought  in  bulk  and  is  finely  ground,  generally  nearly  100 
mesh.  We  can  stand  considerable  variation  in  this. 

Enamels. — Fluorspar  is  used  as  an  ingredient  in  enamels  for  coat¬ 
ing  hospital  and  kitchen  ware,  plumbing  fixtures,  barber  and  beauty- 
parlor  chairs,  linings  for  refrigerators,  table  and  counter  tops, 
reflectors,  signs,  stove  parts,  facing  for  brick  and  tile,  art  pot¬ 
tery,  structural  materials,  earthen  cooking  ware,  and  other  similar 
products. 

As  in  the  glass  industry,  enamelers  require  a  high-grade  fluorspar, 
usually  a  product  containing  at  least  95  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride. 
A  small  amount  of  silica  is  not  injurious,  but  as  calcium  carbonate 
tends  to  increase  the  brittleness;  of  the  enamel  it  must  be  kept  as  low 
as  possible.  Iron,  lead,  zinc,  and  sulphur  are  objectionable  impurities, 
as  these  elements  in  any  appreciable  quantity  would  stain  or  color 
the  enamel.  The  fluorspar  is  generally  ground  so  that  approximately 
80  per  cent  will  pass  through  a  100-mesh  screen  and  15  per  cent 
through  a  200-mesh  screen. 

Analyses  of  fluorspar  used  in  the  manufacture  of  glass  and  enamel 


CaF2 

Si02 

Fe203 

Al203 

CaC03 

MgC03 

S 

Per  cent 
97.  86 

97.  403 

Per  cent 
0.  72 
1.55 

Per  cent 
0.06 
.14 

Per  cent 
0.  08 
.26 

Per  cent 
1.01 
.54 

Per  cent 
0.26 

Per  cent 
Trace. 
0.027 

97.54 

.98 

)0 

.98 

97.  38 

1. 13 

.28 

1.21 

98.53 

.76 

.34 

.37 

96.  92 

1.24 

.88 

1.28 

95.00 

2.  50 

.  12 

97.15 

1.60 

.08 

.90 

Cement. — Small  quantities  of  fluorspar  have  been  used  in  the  recov¬ 
ery  of  potassium  compounds  from  flue  dust  of  cement  works  in  the 
United  States,  but  this  saving  of  potash  has  now  been  discontinued. 
Fluorspar  is  used  more  or  less  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  cement 
abroad,  but  little  is  now  used  in  this  industry  in  the  United  States. 
In  1926  one  shipment  of  fluorspar  was  reported  made  to  a  cement 
plant.  According  to  an  article  in  a  recent  publication,5  the  addition 
of  fluorspar  to  the  raw  materials  permits  the  lowering  of  the  fusing 
point  about  400°,  thereby  resulting  in  considerable  economy  in  fuel. 
It  is  stated  that  the  addition  of  only  0.25  to  1  per  cent  of  fluorspar 
was  the  practice  for  some  time,  but  recent  experiments  have  shown 
that  the  addition  of  3  to  5  per  cent  of  fluorspar  gives  the  best  result. 
The  clinker  obtained  in  this  way  is  very  fragile,  and  grinding  is 
therefore  greatly  facilitated,  with  an  appreciable  economy  in  power. 


6  Chermette,  A.,  and  Sire,  L.,  “  Le  spath  fluor  dans  le  massif  central.  Ses  applications  ” 
[Fluorspar  in  the  central  massif  and  its  uses  I  :  Rev.  ind.  min.,  No.  143,  Dec.  1,  1926, 
Mem.,  pp.  515-328,  Paris,  1926. 


34 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


The  addition  of  fluorspar  is  said  to  eliminate  the  formation  of  rings 
in  the  rotary  kilns,  which  reduces  to  a  minimum  the  periods  of  stop¬ 
page  and  increases  the  life  of  the  refractory  lining. 

CHEMICAL  INDUSTRIES 


Hydrofluoric  acid. — Fluorspar  is  the  basic  material  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  hydrofluoric  acid,  which  finds  considerable  use  in 
the  electrolytic  refining  of  metals,  the  etching  of  glassware,  and  in 
the  manufacture  of  fluorides  used  in  various  chemical  processes,  and 
for  insecticides.  The  manufacture  of  hydrofluoric  acid  consists,, 
essentially,  of  treating  high-grade  ground  fluorspar  with  sulphuric 
acid. 

The  manufacture  of  hydrofluoric  acid  requires  a  finely  ground 
fluorspar,  generally  ranging  between  80  and  100  mesh.  Most  manu¬ 
facturers  of  hydrofluoric  acid,  however,  prefer  the  fluorspar  either 
in  the  lump  or  gravel  form  and  to  grind  the  material  in  their  own 
plants. 

Moreover,  the  manufacture  of  hydrofluoric  acid  requires  a  high- 
grade  fluorspar,  manufacturers  generally  specifying  a  minimum  of 
98  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  a  maximum  of  1  per  cent  of  silica. 
However,  it  is  reported  that  a  product  containing  as  low  as  97  per 
cent  of  calcium  fluoride  and  as  high  as  1.5  per  cent  of  silica  can  be 
used  for  this  purpose,  but  such  a  fluorspar  would  not  demand  more 
than  85  per  cent  of  the  price  of  the  higher-grade  product.  Less  than 
1  per  cent  of  calcium  carbonate  is  generally  specified,  as  the  presence 
of  1  per  cent  or  more  causes  considerable  foaming  upon  mixing. 

An  analysis  of  a  shipment  of  u  acicl-grade  ”  fluorspar  from  the 
Illinois-Kentucky  field  follows: 


Per  cent 


Per  cent 


CaF2 

s:o2_ 

CaO_ 


99.  07 
.24 
.23 


Fe203— AI2O3 

CO2 _ 

S _ 


0.  292 
.15 
.018 


Cycmarrdd  and  calcium  carbide. — Fluorspar  is  used  to  facilitate  the 
fusion  and  contact  of  products  in  the  manufacture  of  calcium  carbide 
and  cyanamid ;  the  carbide  then  flows  more  readily.6 


OPTICAL  FLUORSPAR 


A  comparatively  small  quantity  of  fluorspar  is  used  for  optical 
purposes.  According  to  the  Bureau  of  Standards,7  fluorspar  is  useful 
in  correcting  the  color  and  spherical  aberration  errors  in  lenses, 
especially  for  microscopes  and  small  telescopes.  Fluorspars  suitable 
for  optical  instruments  must  be  as  clear  as  glass;  that  is,  it  must  be 
free  from  cloudiness,  inclusions,  and  cracks  (incipient  cleavage 
marks).  Colorless  material  is  most  desired,  but  samples  which  are 
faintly  tinged  with  yellow  or  green  may  be  valuable. 

CONSUMPTION— STOCKS  AT  CONSUMERS'  PLANTS 

The  figures  on  consumption  of  fluorspar  in  1926  and  stocks  at  con¬ 
sumers’  plants  on  December  31,  1926,  given  in  the  following  table, 
are  believed  to  fall  not  far  short  of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 


6  Chermette,  A.,  and  Sire,  L.,  Op.  cit. 


7  Circular  letter,  dated  May  8,  1918. 


I 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


35 


Thus,  the  figures  for  basic  open-hearth  steel  represent  all  plants, 
including  an  estimate  for  two  companies  not  reporting,  and  are  based 
on  reports  of  manufacturers  who  produced  99  per  cent  of  the  total. 
Similarly,  all  electric-steel  and  ferro-alloy  manufacturers  that  use 
fluorspar  are  represented.  The  smaller  foundries,  some  of  which 
use  a  little  fluorspar,  were  not  canvassed,  so  that  the  figures  for  this 
industry  are  incomplete,  as  also  are  the  figures  for  hydrofluoric  acid, 
one  manufacturer  not  reporting.  The  figures  for  the  ceramic  indus¬ 
try  are  believed  to  be  practically  complete. 


Fluorspar  reported  consumed  and  ml  stock  in  the  United  States  in  1926,  toy 

industries 


Industry 

Compa¬ 
nies  rep¬ 
resented 

Fluorspar 
consumed 
(short  tons) 

Stocks  at 
consumers’' 
plants 
Dec.  31 
(short  tons) 

Basic  open-hearth  steel  ______________ 

75 

142,000 
4, 800 
4, 335 

70, 000 
2, 000 
1,400 
180 

Electric-furnace  steel  _  _  _  _ _  _  _ _ _  _  _ 

61 

Foundry.-  - _  ___  ____.. 

68 

Ferro-alloys. _ _  _  _  _  _  _  ___ 

5 

462 

Hydrofluoric  acid_. _  .  ___  __ 

5 

7,  591 

6,  677 

7,  973 
719 

12, 153 
935 

Enamel  and  sanitary  ware..  _  .  _  _  _  _  _ _ 

71 

Glass..  _  _  .  ..  .  .  .  _ 

44 

1,342 

252 

Miscellaneous _  _  _  _  _  _ 

14 

(l74,  557 

88,  262 

The  table  that  follows  shows  the  relation  of  the  consumption  of 
•  fluorspar  to  the  production  of  basic  open-hearth  steel  for  the  5-year 
period  1922  to  1926  and  the  stocks  of  fluorspar  at  such  steel  plants 
at  the  close  of  each  of  these  years.  The  stocks  at  the  close  of  1926 
are  the  largest  recorded  since  such  statistics  have  been  collected  by 
the  Bureau  of  Mines. 


Consumption  and,  stocks  of  fluorspar  at  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants,  1922~1926 


1922 

1923 

1924 

1925 

1926 

Production  of  basic  open-hearth  steel 
_ _  _-.  ._  _ long  tons.. 

Consumption  of  fluorspar  in  basic  open- 
hearth  steel  production _ short  tons.. 

Consumption  of  fluorspar  per  ton  of  steel 
made _  .  _  ..pounds.. 

Stocks  of  fluorspar  on  hand  at  steel  plants 
at  end  of  year _  _ _  short  tons.. 

28,387,  171 

105,  000 

7.4 

65,  000 

34,  665,  021 

140,  000 

8.1 

49,  900 

30,  719,  523 

119,800 

7.8 

64,  000 

37,  087,  342 

137,  700 

7.4 

49,  400 

39,  653,  315 

142,  000 

7.2 

70,  000 

MARKETING 


Prices  of  domestic  fluorspar  are  quoted  on  the  basis  of  the  short 
ton  (2,000  pounds)  f.  o.  b.  cars  at  the  nearest  shipping  point  to 
mills  or  mines.  Gravel  and  lump  fluorspar  are  generally  shipped  in 
bulk  in  open-top  cars.  Ground  fluorspar  is  shipped  both  in  bulk  in 
box  cars  lined  with  heavy  paper  and  packed  in  bags  with  a  capacity 
of  125  pounds  each  or  barrels  with  a  capacity  of  from  450  to  500 
pounds  each.  When  packed  in  bags  and  barrels,  a  charge,  depending 


36 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  M26 - PART  It 

0 

on  the  cost  of  the  containers,  is  added.  If  the  bags  are  in  good  con¬ 
dition,  and  the  freight  prepaid  to  the  mine,  they  may  be  returned  for 
repacking,  in  which  case  the  usual  allowance  of  10  cents  a  bag  is 
made.  The  barrels  are  not  returnable. 

Most  of  the  large  consumers  buy  the  bulk  of  their  fluorspar  on 
contract,  generally  covering  a  definite  tonnage  to  be  delivered  within 
a  stated  time  and  specifying  the  minimum  content  of  calcium  fluoride 
and  the  maximum  contents  of  impurities  that  will  be  accepted. 
The  contract  may  or  may  not  include  penalties  for  excesses  of  impuri¬ 
ties  above  the  specified  limits.  Premiums,  however,  are  seldom  paid 
for  unusual  purity. 

Most  of  the  domestic  fluorspar  of  commerce  is  sold  through  estab¬ 
lished  sales  agencies,  who  handle  other  raw  materials  used  in  the  iron, 
steel,  ceramic,  and  chemical  industries  and  are  thus  in  close  contact 
with  the  consumers.  Such  sales  agencies  either  operate  their  own 
mines  or  have  contracts  with  producers  whereby  the  producer  agrees 
to  supply  and  the  sales  agency  agrees  to  handle  the  entire  output  of 
the  producer.  Thus  a  producer  who  does  not  have  selling  connec¬ 
tions  and  who  is  unable  to  guarantee  a  definite  tonnage  or  to  make 
delivery  over  a  definite  period  finds  it  difficult  to  sell  direct  to  con¬ 
sumers.  In  the  Illinois-Kentucky  district,  hoAvever,  the  local  mills 
provide  a  market  for  such  producers. 

MARKETS 

The  bulk  of  the  fluorspar  sold  in  the  United  States  is  used  by 'basic 
open-hearth  steel  plants,  which  are  scattered  over  24  States  and 
provide  the  chief  markets  for  fluorspar.  Most  of  these  plants,  how¬ 
ever,  are  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States  and  are  more  or  less 
centralized  in  certain  well-known  districts. 

The  largest  single  market  for  fluorspar  in  the  East,  as  well  as  in  the 
United  States,  is  at  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  in  the  Pittsburgh 
district,  Pennsylvania,  which  in  1926  consumed  about  30,000  short 
tons  of  fluorspar,  or  about  21  per  cent  of  the  total  consumed  in  the 
basic  open-hearth  steel  industry. 

The  next  largest  markets  in  the  East  are  in  the  Youngstown-Can- 
ton-Sharon  and  eastern  Pennsylvania  districts,  which  consumed  about 
17,000  tons  each  in  1926. 

Other  important  markets  are  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Johnstown,  Pa.; 
Cleveland  and  Steubenville,  Ohio  ;  Weirton,  W.  Va. ;  and  at  or  near 
the  Atlantic  coast  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New 
Jersey,  Delaware,  and  Maryland.  The  total  consumption  of  fluor¬ 
spar  in  these  districts  amounted  to  about  30,000  tons  in  1926. 

Thus,  the  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  at  and  east  of  Cleveland, 
Massillon,  and  Steubenville,  Ohio,  consumed  about  94,000  tons  of 
flourspar  in  1926,  or  about  66  per  cent  of  the  total  consumed  by  basic 
open-hearth  steel  plants  in  the  United  States. 

Costs  of  production  and  transportation  limit  the  markets  in  which 
sellers  of  fluorspar  can  profitably  compete;  the  import  duty  further 
limits  the  markets  for  imported  fluorspar.  The  cost  of  producing 
fluorspar  abroad,  chiefly  in  England,  Germany,  and  France,  is  rela¬ 
tively  so  much  lower  than  the  cost  of  production  in  the  Illinois- 
Kentucky  district  that,  notwithstanding  a  duty  of  $5  a  short  ton, 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


37 


fluorspar  imported  from  these  sources  is  sold  in  western  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  and  to  a  small  extent  in  eastern  Ohio  in  stiff  competition  with 
that  from  the  Illinois-Kentucky  district.  The  market  in  this  area  is 
therefore  more  or  less  divided  between  domestic  and  imported 

fluorspar. 

As  the  cost  of  delivering  fluorspar  from  abroad  to  the  plants  near 
the  Atlantic  coast  in  Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 
Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  Maryland,  as  well  as  at 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  is  much  less  than  the  cost  of  delivering  from  the 
Illinois-Kentucky  district,  comparatively  little  domestic  fluorspar  is 
sold  to  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  in  this  area. 

In  the  mid-west  the  principal  markets  for  fluorspar  are  at  basic 
open-hearth  steel  plants  at  Chicago,  Peoria,  and  Granite  City,  Ill. ; 
Gary  and  Indiana  Harbor,  Ind. ;  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  Mo. ; 
and  Duluth,  Minn.  The  total  consumption  in  this  area  amounted  to 
about  29,000  short  tons  in  1926.  The  largest  market  in  this  area  and 
the  second  largest  in  the  United  States  is  the  Chicago-Indiana 
Harbor-Gary  district;  the  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  in  this  dis¬ 
trict  consumed  about  25,000  short  tons  of  fluorspar  in  1926,  or  about 
18  per  cent  of  the  total  consumed  in  the  basic  open-hearth  steel  in¬ 
dustry.  The  greater  part  of  the  fluorspar  sold  to  steel  plants  in  the 
mid-west  comes  from  the  Illinois-Kentucky  district,  although  most  of 
that  produced  in  the  Colorado-New  Mexico  district  in  1926  was 
shipped  to  Chicago,  Gary,  Duluth,  and  Kansas  City. 

In  the  South  important  markets  for  fluorspar  are  in  the  Birming¬ 
ham  district,  Alabama  City,  Ala.,  and  Atlanta,  Ga.  Practically  all 
of  the  fluorspar  sold  in  this  market  is  from  the  Illinois-Kentucky 
district. 

In  the  West  the  largest  consumer  of  fluorspar  is  the  steelworks 
at  Pueblo,  Colo. ;  a  mine  owned  by  the  operators  of  the  steelworks 
supplies  this  plant  with  fluorspar,  so  that  a  market  does  not  exist. 

On  the  Pacific  coast  the  largest  consumers  of  fluorspar  are  the 
basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  near  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco, 
Pittsburg,  and  Torrance,  Calif.,  and  Youngstown,  Wash.,  but  the 
quantity  consumed  annually  is  comparatively  small  and  is  supplied 
by  the  Colorado-New  Mexico  district  and  by  imported  fluorspar, 
chiefly  from  China  and  England. 

In  1926  the  total  consumption  of  fluorspar  at  steel  plants  in  the 
West  was  about  5,600  short  tons. 

The  largest  markets  for  fluorspar  used  in  the  glass  industry  are  in 
Pennsylvania,  Indiana,  and  West  Virginia,  the  plants  in  these  States 
using  about  93  per  cent  of  the  total  consumed  in  this  industry  in 
1926.  The  largest  markets  in  this  area  are  at  Washington,  Pa.; 
Muncie,  Ind.;  and  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 

The  markets  for  fluorspar  used  in  making  enamels,  including 
vitrolite,  are  more  widely  distributed  than  in  the  glass  industry;  in 
1926  about  80  per  cent  of  the  total  was  consumed  in  West  Virginia, 
Pennsylvania,  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Ohio.  The  largest 
markets  for  fluorspar  in  this  industry  are  at  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. ; 
Pittsburgh  and  New  Brighton,  Pa. ;  Kohler,  Wis. ;  Noblesville  and 
Indianapolis,  Ind.;  Chicago,  Ill.;  and  Cuyahoga  Heights,  Cleveland, 
and  Mansfield,  Ohio. 


/ 


38 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 

Foundries  offer  small  and  widely  scattered  markets  for  fluorspar. 
Those  using  fluorspar  are  located  chiefly  in  Illinois,  New  York, 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Indiana. 

The  largest  consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  chemical  industry  are  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Newell,  Pa.;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and 
Clayton,  Del. 

CONSUMERS  OF  FLUORSPAR 

As  the  need  of  a  directory  of  consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  United 
States  has  been  felt  for  some  time,  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  list 
them.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  following  list,  the  consumers  have 
been  classified  according  to  the  industries  in  which  fluorspar  is  used, 
and  each  industry  has  been  arranged  alphabetically  by  States  and  by 
location  of  the  consuming  plant.  Where  information  was  obtain¬ 
able  the  address  of  the  purchasing  agent  is  given.  Although  the 
directory  is  not  as  complete  as  is  desirable,  it  is  believed  that  all  of 
the  larger  consumers  are  included.  Any  additions  or  corrections  that 
the  reader  may  send  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  will  be  appreciated. 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  in  the  United  States 


Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Location' of  plant 

Alabama: 

Gulf  States  Steel  Co. . .  . . 

Birmingham . . 

Alabama  City. 

Ensley,  Fairfield. 

Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  &  Railroad  Co _ 

_ do _ _ 

California: 

Southern  California  Iron  &  Steel  Co- . 

Huntington  Park. .  . 

Huntington  Park. 

Oakland. 

Pittsburg,  Torrance. 

South  San  Francisco. 

Judson  Manufacturing  Co . . - 

San  Francisco. . 

Columbia  Steel  Corporation .  __  _ 

_ do _  _  .  .. 

Pacific  Cofist  Steel  Co 

_ do _  .. 

Colorado:  Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Co _  _ 

Denver..  _ _ 

Pueblo. 

Bridgeport. 

Connecticut:  American  Tube  &  Stamping  Co... 

Bridgeport . . 

Delaware: 

Worth  Steel  Co . . .  - . 

Claymont _  .. 

Claymont. 

New  Castle. 

Penn  Seaboard  Steel  Corporation . . 

New  Castle. . . 

Georgia:  Atlantic  Steel  Co . . . . . 

Atlanta . . 

Atlanta. 

Illinois: 

Laclede  Steel  Co .  .  . 

St.  Louis,  Mo.. . 

Alton. 

Railway  Steel-Spring  Co _ _ _ 

New  York,  N.  Y . 

Chicago  Heights. 

East  St.  Louis,  GraniteJCity.. 
Granite  City. 

Do.  1 

American  Steel  Foundries... . 

Chicago . . 

Commonwealth  Steel  Co _ 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

National  Enameling  &  Stamping  Co _  .. 

Granite  City . . 

National  Malleable  &  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Cleveland,  Ohio _ _ 

Melrose  Park. 

Keystone  Steel  &  Wire  Co. ..  . 

Peoria _ _ _ 

Peoria,  las 

Illinois  Steel  Co _ _ 

Chicago  ...  _ _ 

South  Chicago. 

Do. 

International  Harvester  Co. .  ... 

_ do... _  _  _. 

Interstate  Iron  &  Steel  Co _ 

.  ...do . . 

Do. 

Indiana: 

Illinois  Steel  Co... . 

Chicago,  Ill .  . 

Gary. 

Indiana'Harbor. 

Inland  Steel  Co _  .  . . 

Indiana  Harbor 

Youngstown  Sheet  &  Tube  Co 

Youngstown,  Ohio _ 

Do.* 

Kokomo  Steel  &  Wire  Co... 

Kokomo _ 

Kokomo. 

Iowa: 

Bettendorf  Co _  .. 

Bettendorf.. 

Bettendorf. 

Zimmerman  Steel  Co.  _  . 

...  .do... 

Do. 

Kentucky: 

American  Rolling  Mill  Co _  ... 

Middletown,  Ohio _ 

Ashland. 

Andrews  Steel  Co _  .. 

Newport 

Newport. 

SparrowsIPoint. 

Worcester. 

Maryland:  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  _  _ 

Bethlehem,  Pa 

Massachusetts:  American  Steel  &  Wire  Co.. 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Michigan:  Ford  Motor  Co._  . . 

Detroit 

Spring  wells. 

Duluth. 

Minnesota:  Minnesota  Steel  Co _ 

Chicago  Ill _ 

Missouri: 

Sheffield  Steel  Corp . .  . 

Kansas  City _ 

Kansas  City. 

St.  Louis. 

Scullin  Steel  Co..  _  _ 

St.  Louis . 

New  Jersey: 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  of  America. _  .  ..  ... 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Harrison. 

John  A.  Roebling's  Sons  Co _ _  . 

Trenton... . . . 

Roebling. 

FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE  39 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  basic  open-hearth  steel  plants  in  the  United  States — 

Continued 


Name  of  consumer 


Address  of  purchasing 
agent 


Location  of  plant 


New  York: 

Donner  Steel  Co _ _ 

Wickwire  Spencer  Steel  Co _ 

Wickwire  Bros _ _ 

Gould  Coupler  Co, . . . . 

Bethlehem  Steel  Co _ _ 

Ohio: 

American  Steel  Foundries _ 

Central  Alloy  Steel  Corporation _ 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co . . 

Bourne- Fxiller  Co.. _ _ _ 

Corrigan,  McKinney  Steel  Co _ 

Otis  Steel  Co _ _ 

Ohio  Steel  Foundry  Co_. _ 

National  Tube  Co _ _ 

Sharon  Steel  Hoop  Co. _ _ 

Mansfield  Sheet  &  Tin  Plate  Co _ 

Marion  Steam  Shovel  Co _ 

American  Rolling  Mill  Co . . 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  of  America _ 

Jackson  Valve  &  Manufacturing  Co 

Wheeling  Steel  Corporation _ 

Bonney-Floyd  Co _ 

Buckeye  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Follansbee  Bros.  Co... _ 

Trumbull  Steel  Co _ _ _ 

Carnegie  Steel  Co _ 

Republic  Iren  &  Steel  Co _ 

Youngstown  Sheet  &  Tube  Co _ 

Pennsylvania: 

Bethlehem  Steel  Co _ _ _ 


Buffalo _ _ 

New  York _ 

Cortland _ 

Depew . . 

Bethlehem,  Pa... 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

Massillon. . . 

Cleveland _ 

_ do _ 

_ do . . . 

_ do _ 

Lima _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa... 

Sharon,  Pa. . 

Mansfield _ 

Marion _ 

Middletown _ 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Portsmouth _ 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 

Columbus... . 

_ do _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa... 

Warren _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa... 

Y  oungstown _ 

_ do _ 

Bethlehem _ 


Allegheny  Steel  Co _ 

West  Penn  Steel  Co _ 

Standard  Steel  Works  Co 
Forged  Steel  Wheel  Co... 
Carnegie  Steel  Co _ 


Brackenridge 

_ do _ 

Philadelphia. 
Pittsburgh... 
_ do. . . 


Lukens  Steel  Co _ _ 

Colonial  Steel  Co _ 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co _ _ 

Erie  Forge  Co _ 

Erie  Forge  &  Steel  Co _ _ _ 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Foundry  Co _ 

Central  Iron  &  Steel  Co _ 

Harrisburg  Pipe  &  Pipe  Bending  Co _ 

Alan  Wood  Iron  &  Steel  Co _ 

Firth-Sterling  Steel  Co... _ _ 

Pittsburgh  Crucible  Steel  Co _ 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Co _ 

Midvale  Co _ _ 

Edgewater  Steel  Co _ _ _ 

American  Bridge  Co _ _ _ 

Phoenix  Iron  Co _ 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  of  America _ 

Jones  &  Laughlin  Steel  Co _ 

Eastern  Steel  Co _ 

American  Steel  Foundries _ 

National  Malleable  &  Steel  Castings  Co 

American  Sheet  &  Tin  Plate  Co _ 

Verona  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Rhode  Island:  Washburn  Wire  Co _ 

Utah:  Utah  Steel  Corporation _ _ 

Washington:  Pacific  Coast  Steel  Co . 

West  Virginia: 

Follansbee  Bros.  Co _ 

Weirton  Steel  Co . . . . 

Wisconsin:  Bucyrus  Co . . . 


Coatesville _ 

Pittsburgh _ 

Cleveland,  Ohio.. 

Erie _ 

_ do _ 

Pittsburgh _ 

Harrisburg _ 

_ do _ _ 

Philadelphia _ 

McKeesport _ 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Pittsburgh _ 

Philadelphia _ 

Oakmont . . 

Pittsburgh _ 

Philadelphia _ 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Pittsburgh _ 

Pottsville _ 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

Cleveland,  Ohio.. 

Pittsburgh _ 

_ do _ 

Phillipsdale _ 

Midvale _ 

Seattle _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa... 

Weirton _ 

South  Milwaukee 


Buffalo. 

Do. 

Cortland. 

Depew. 

Lackawanna. 

Alliance. 

Canton,  Columbia  Heights. 
Cleveland. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Lima. 

Lorain.  _ 

Lowellville. 

Mansfield. 

Marion. 

Middletown. 

Norwalk. 

Portsmouth. 

Portsmouth,  Steubenville. 
South  Columbus. 

Do. 

Toronto. 

Warren. 

Youngstown. 

Do. 

Do. 

Bethlehem,  Coatesville,  Johns¬ 
town,  Steelton. 
Brackenridge. 

Do. 

Burnham . 

Butler. 

Clairton,  Duquesne,  Farrell, 
Munhall,  North  Braddoek. 
Coatesville. 

Colona  (Monaca) . 

Donora. 

Erie. 

Do. 

Glassport. 

Harrisburg. 

Do. 

Ivy  Rock. 

McKeesport. 

Midland. 

Monessen. 

Nicetown. 

Oakmont. 

Pencoyd. 

Phoenixville. 

Pittsburgh. 

Pittsburgh,  Woodlawn. 
Pottsville. 

Sharon. 

Do. 

Vandergrift. 

Verona. 

Phillipsdale. 

Midvale. 

Youngstown 

Follansbee. 

Weirton. 

South  Milwaukee. 


40  MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  electric-furnace  steel  plants  in  the  United  States 


Name  of  consumer 


Address  of  purchasing 
agent 


Location  of  plant 


Alabama:  Anniston  Electric  Steel  Corporation.. 
California: 

Best  Steel  Casting  Co _ 

Alloy  Steel  &  Metals  Co _ 

American  Manganese  Steel  Co . . 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Co _ _ 

Columbia  Steel  Corporation . . 

Union  Tool  Co _ 

Colorado:  American  Manganese  Steel  Co _ 

Connecticut:  Yale  &  Towne  Manufacturing  Co. 

Delaware:  American  Manganese  Steel  Co _ 

District  of  Columbia:  Naval  gun  factory _ 

Georgia:  Glover  Machine  Works _ 

Illinois: 

Burnside  Steel  Co _ _ 

Crane  Co _ _ _ 

Pettibone  Mulliken  Co _ 

Trojan  Electric  Steel  Co _ 

American  Manganese  Steel  Co _ 

National  Malleable  &  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Illinois  Steel  Co.. _ _ 

McCord  &  Co _ 

Indiana:  Damascus  Steel  Casting  Co _ 

Kansas:  Locomotive  Finished  Material  Co _ 

Massachusetts: 

General  Electric  Co _ 

Electric  Steel  Castings  Co . . . . 

Watertown  Arsenal _ _ 

Michigan: 

Clark  Equipment  Co _ 

Calumet  &  Hecla  Consolidated  Copper  Co.. 

Missouri:  Southern  Manganese  Steel  Co _ 

Nebraska:  Omaha  Steel  Works _ _ _ 

New  Jersey:  Driver-Karris  Co _ _ - . 

New  York: 

Onondaga  Steel  Co _ 

Atlas  Alloy  Steel  Corporation . . 

Simonds  Saw  &  Steel  Co . . 

General  Electric  Co _ _ 

Ludlum  Steel  Co _ 

Ohio: 

Hadfield-Penfield  Steel  Co _ 

Central  Alloy  Steel  Corporation . . . 

Timken  Roller  Bearing  Co _ _ 

National  Malleable  &  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Marion  Steam  Shovel  Co _ _ 

American  Rolling  Mill  Co _ _ 

Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Pennsylvania: 

Vulcan  Crucible  Steel  Co__ . . . 

Bethlehem  Steel  Co . . 

Allegheny  Steel  Co . . . . . . 

Braeburn  Alloy  Steel  Corporation . 

Universal  Steel  Co _ 

Union  Electric  Steel  Corporation... . . 

Colonial  Steel  Co _ _ _ _ 

Walworth  Co _ _ 

Latrobe  Electric  Steel  Co _ _ _ 

Vanadium  Alloys  Steel  Co. _ _ 

Firth-Sterling  Steel  Co _ 

Milton  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Le  Moyne  Steel  Co _ 

Damascus  Steel  Casting  Co. . . . . 

Midvale  Co _ 

Henry  Disston  &  Sons  Iron  &  Steel  Works.  _ 

Philadelphia  Navy  Yard _ 

Carpenter  Steel  Co _ 

Reading  Steel  Casting  Co _ _ _ 

National  Malleable  &  Steel  Castings  Co _ 

Jessop  Steel  Co.. _ _ _ 

Texas:  Hughes  Tool  Co.. _ _ _ _ 

Virginia: 

Old  Dominion  Iron  &  Steel  Works _ 

Newport  News  Shipbuilding  &  Dry  Dock 
Co. 

Norfolk  Navy  Yard . . . . . . . 

Norfolk  &  Western  Railway  Co _ _ 


Anniston . . . . 

Oakland _ 

Los  Angeles _ 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

San  Francisco _ 

. do _ 

Torrance _ 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

Stamford. _ _ 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

Washington _ 

Marietta _ 

Chicago _ _ _ 

_ do. . . 

.r...do _ _ _ 

_ do _ 

_ do _ _ _ 

Cleveland,  Ohio _ 

Chicago _ _ 

West  Pullman _ 

New  Brighton,  Pa _ 

Atchison... _ _ 

Schenectady,  N.  Y _ 

Turner  Falls _ 

Watertown . . . 

Buchanan _ 

Calumet _ _ 

Chicago,  Ill . . 

Omaha _ _ 

Harrison . . . 

Syracuse _ _ _ 

Dunkirk. _ _ 

Lockport.. . . 

Schenectady . . 

Watervliet. . . . 

Bucyrus . . 

Massillon . . 

Canton _ 

Cleveland . . 

Marion . . . 

Middletown _ _ 

Milwaukee,  Wis _ 

Aliquippa . 

Bethlehem. . 

Brackenridge _ 

Braeburn _ _ 

Bridgeville . . 

Pittsburgh _ 

_ do.  _ _ _ 

Boston,  Mass _ 

Latrobe _ _ _ 

_ do _ _ _ 

McKeesport . . 

Milton _ 

Pittsburgh _ 

New  Brighton _ 

Philadelphia _ 

_ do _ _ _ 

_ do . . . 

Reading _ _ 

_ do _ 

Cleveland,  Ohio _ 

Washington. . . 

Houston _ 

Richmond _ 

Norfolk _ 

_ do . . . 

Roanoke. . . 


Anniston. 

Elmhurst. 

Los  Angeles. 

Los  Angeles,  Oakland . 
Sacramento. 

Torrance. 

Do. 

Denver. 

Stamford. 

New  Castle. 
Washington. 

Marietta. 

Chicago. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Chicago  Heights. 
Cicero. 

South  Chicago. 

West  Pullman. 
Hammond. 

Atchison. 

Lynn,  Pittsfield. 
Turner  Falls. 
Watertown. 

Buchanan. 

Calumet. 

St.  Louis. 

Omaha. 

Harrison. 

Dewitt. 

Dunkirk. 

Lockport. 

Schenectady. 

Watervliet. 

Bucyrus. 

Canton. 

Do. 

Cleveland. 

Marion. 

Middletown. 

Norwood. 

Aliquippa. 

Bethlehem,  Steelton. 

Brackenridge. 

Braeburn. 

Bridgeville. 

Carnegie. 

Colona  (Monaca). 
Greenburg. 

Latrobe. 

Do. 

McKeesport. 

Milton. 

Monongahela. 

New  Brighton. 

Nicetown. 

Philadelphia. 

Do. 

Reading. 

Do. 

Sharon. 

Washington. 

Houston. 

Belle  Isle  (Richmond) . 
Norfolk. 

Do. 

Roanoke. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


41 


Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  electric-fur  nave  steel  plants  in  the  United  States — Cod. 


Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Location  of  plant 

Washington: 

Puget  Sound  Navy  Yard . . . 

Pacific  Car  &  Foundry  Co. . .  .  .  -  . 

Washington  Iron  Works . . . . 

Bremerton _ _ 

Renton  _  _  .. 

Seattle. .  _  . 

Bremerton. 

Renton. 

Seattle. 

New  Cumberland. 

South  Charleston. 

Milwaukee. 

Do. 

Racine. 

West  Virginia: 

Duralov  Co.  _  . _  ...  ...  ...  _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa _ 

Ordnance  Plant,  Navy  Department. . . 

Wisconsin: 

Kinite  Co _  ...  . . . . . 

South  Charleston..  .. 

Milwaukee.. . . 

Milwaukee  Steel  Foundry  Co _ _ _ 

_ do _ _ _  .. 

Racine  Steel  Castings  Co _ _ _ 

Racine. . . . 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  manufacture  of  ferro-alloys  in  the  United  States 


Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Location  of  plant 

Iowa:  Keokuk  Electro-Metals  Co.  ..  _ 

Keokuk _ _  ..  . 

Keokuk. 

New  York: 

Electro  Metallurgical  Co..  _ 

Vanadium  Corporation  of  America.  . . 

New  York.  _ _  . 

_ do . . 

Niagara  Falls. 

Do. 

Pennsylvania: 

Vanadium  Corporation  of  America. _ _ 

.  do..  _ 

Bridgeville. 

Washington. 

York. 

Molybdenum  Corporation  of  America.  _ .  ... 
York  Metal  &  Alloy  Co  ..  _  ... 

Pittsburgh _ _ 

York...  . . 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  foundries  and  other  metallurgical  plants  in  the 

United  States 


Name  of  consumer 


Alabama: 

American  Cast  Iron  Pipe  Co _ 

American  Radiator  Co _ 

Arkansas:  Standard  Brake  Shoe  &  Foundry  Co. 
California: 

P.  J.  Fasullo  Foundry _ _ 

Kinney  Iron  Works _ 

Barth  Foundry  &  Machine  Co _ 

Amalgamated  Metals  Corporation _ 

Colorado:  C.  S.  Card  Iron  Works  Co _ 

Connecticut: 

Crane  Co _ 

North  &  Judd  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Waterbury  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Illinois: 

Apex  Smelting  Co _ 

Crane  Co... ' ' _ 

Goldsmith  Bros.  Smelting  &  Refining  Co _ 

Great  Western  Smelting  &  Refining  Co _ 

Pyott  Foundry  Co _ 

Aluminum  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Moore  Bros.  Co _ 

Walworth  Co _ 

American  Radiator  Co _ 

H.  W.  Clark  Co _ 

Dayton  Dowd  Co _ 

Emerson-Brantingham  Corporation _ 

Indiana: 

R  W  G  Foundry  Co _ 

McQuay-Norris  Manufacturing  Co _ 

New  York  Central  Railroad _ 

Crescent  Stove  Works _ 

S.  F.  Bowser  &  Co _ 

American  Foundry  Co _ 

Indianapolis  Castings  Co _ 

Globe  Stove  &  Range  Co _ 

Machinists  Foundry  Co _ 

Oliver  Chilled  Plow  Works _ 

South  Bend  Foundry  Co _ 


Address  of  purchasing 
agent 


Birmingham _ 

Buffalo,  N.  Y._. 
Pine  Bluff _ 

Hanford _ 

Los  Angeles _ 

San  Diego _ 

San  Francisco... 
Denver ... _ 

Bridgeport _ 

New  Britain _ 

Waterbury _ 

Chicago _ 

_ do _ _ 

_ do _ 

_ do _ 

_ do _ 

East  Moline _ 

Joliet _ 

Boston,  Mass... 
Buffalo,  N.  Y_._ 

Mattoon _ 

Quincy _ 

Rockford _ 

Anderson _ 

St.  Louis,  Mo... 
Cleveland,  Ohio 

Evansville _ 

Fort  Wayne _ 

Indianapolis _ 

_ do _ 

Kokomo _ 

Muncie _ 

South  Bend _ 

_ do _ 


Location  of  plant 


Birmingham. 

Do. 

Pine  Bluff. 

Hanford. 

Los  Angeles. 
San  Diego. 

San  Franscisco. 
Denver. 

Bridgeport. 
New  Britain. 
Waterbury. 

Chicago. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

East  Moline. 
Joliet. 

Kewanee. 

Litchfield. 

Mattoon. 

Quincy. 

Rockford. 

Anderson. 

Connersville. 

Elkhart. 

Evansville. 

Fort  Wayne. 
Indianapolis. 
Do. 

Kokomo. 

Muncie. 

South  Bend. 
Do. 


42 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 

Consumer's  of  fluorspar  in  foundries  and  other  metallurgical  plants  in  the 

United  States — Continued 


Name  of  consumer 


Address  of  purchasing 
agent 


Location  of  plant 


Iowa:  Maytag  Co _ 

Massachusetts: 

Richards  Co _ - _ _ 

Saco-Low  ell  Shops _ 

Gilbert  &  Barker  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Michigan: 

American  Radiator  Co _ 

Cadillac  Motor  Car  Co _ 

Detroit  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co _ -... 

Michigan  Smelting  &  Refining  Co _ 

Packard  Motor  Car  Co _ 

D.  J.  Ryan  Foundry  Co - - 

Buick  Motor  Co _ 

Ford  Motor  Co _ 

Rempis  &  Gallmeyer  Foundry  Co _ 

Dodge  Bros, _ _ 

Campbell,  Wyant  &  Cannon  Foundry  Co _ 

Piston  Ring  Co _ 

Wilson  Foundry  &  Machine  Co _ 

Great  Lakes  Foundry  Co _ 

Whitehead  &  Kales  Co _ 

Saginaw  Products  Co _ _ _ 

Sparta  Foundry  Co _ 

Ypsilanti  Foundry  Co _ 

Minnesota: 

American  Brake  Shoe  &  Foundry  Co _ 

American  Radiator  Co _ : _ 

Missouri: 

St.  Mary's  Oil  Engine  Co _ 

McQuay-N orris  Manufacturing  Co _ 

New  Jersey: 

American  Radiator  Co _ 

Cox  &  Sons  Co _ 

United  States  Metals  Refining  Co _ 

Moore  Bros.  Co_ _ _ 

Driver-Harris  Co _ 

Eagle  Iron  &  Brass  Foundry  Co _ 

New  York: 

Fairbanks  Co.. _ _ 

American  Radiator  Co _ _ 

Brooklyn  Vault  Light  Co. _ _ 

Cajan  Foundry  Co _ 

Keystone  Foundry  Co _ _ 

Niagara  Falls  Smelting  &  Refining  Cor¬ 
poration. 

North  Buffalo  Hardware  Co _ 

Standard  Foundry  Co _ : . . . 

Kennedy  Valve  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Aluminum  Co.  of  America _ _ 

General  Electric  Co,. - - 

Ohio: 

Era  Steel  Co _ _ _ 

G.  A.  Gray  Co _ _ _ 

Consolidated  Castings  Co _ 

Euclid  Foundry  Co _ _ _ 

Kilby  Manufacturing  Co _ _ .. 

Standard  Brass  Foundry  Co _ 

Fox  Furnace  Co _ 

C.  &  G.  Cooper  Co _ 

Jackson  Valve  &  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Toledo  Machine  &  Tool  Co _ 

Pennsylvania: 

American  Mond  Nickel  Co _ 

Hays  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Walworth  Co _ _ _ _• _ - _ 

Philadelphia  Hardware  &  Malleable  Iron 
Works. 

Frick  Co. _ _ _ _ 

Westinghouse  Air  Brake  Co _ _ 

Rhode  Island:  Builders  Iron  Foundry _ 

South  Dakota:  Homestake  Mining  Co. . . 


Chicago,  Ill _ 

Boston _ 

Newton  Upper  Falls  __ 
Springfield _ 

Buffalo,  N.  Y _ 

Detroit _ 

..-..do _ 

_ do . . . 

_ _ do _ 

_ do _ 

Flint _ 

Detroit _ 

Grand  Rapids _ 

Detroit _ 

Muskegon _ _ _ 

_ do _ 

Pontiac _ 

Port  Huron _ 

Detroit... _ _ 

Saginaw _ 

Sparta _ 

Ypsilanti _ _ _ 

Minneapolis _ 

Buffalo,  N.  Y _ 

St.  Charles _ 

St.  Louis _ 

Buffalo,  N.  Y _ 

Bridgeton _ 

Carteret _ 

Elizabeth _ 

Harrison.. _ 

Passaic _ _ _ 

Binghamton. . . 

Buffalo..... . . 

Brooklyn _ 

_ do _ 

_ do. _ _ 

Buffalo _ 

_ do _ _ _ 

_ do _ 

Elmira _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa _ 

Schenectady _ 

Bucyrus. . . . 

Cincinnati _ 

Cleveland _ 

_ do _ _ _ 

_ do. . . 

_ do _ _ _ 

Elyria _ 

Mount  Vernon. . . 

Portsmouth _ 

Toledo _ 

Clearfield _ 

Erie _ 

Boston,  Mass _ 

Philadelphia _ 

Waynesboro _ 

Wilmerding _ 

Providence _ ...  .. 

Lead _ 


Newton. 

Malden. 

Newton  Upper  Falls. 
Springfield. 

Detroit. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

E corse. 

Flint. 

Fordson. 

Grand  Rapids. 
Hamtramck. 

Muskegon. 

Do. 

Pontiac. 

Port  Huron. 

River  Rouge. 

Saginaw. 

Sparta. 

Ypsilanti. 

Minneapolis. 

St.  Paul. 

St.  Charles. 

St.  Louis. 

Bayonne. 

Bridgeton. 

Carteret. 

Elizabeth. 

Harrison. 

Passaic. 

Binghamton. 

Black  Rock  (Buffalo). 
Brooklyn. 

Do. 

Do. 

Buffalo. 

Do. 

Do. 

Elmira. 

Massena,  Niagara  Falls. 
Schenectady. 

Bucyrus. 

Cincinnati. 

Cleveland. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Elyria. 

Mount  Vernon. 
Portsmouth. 

Toledo. 

Clearfield. 

Erie. 

Greenburg. 

Philadelphia. 

Waynesboro. 

Wilmerding. 

Providence. 

Lead. 


Tennessee: 

Aluminum  Co.  of  America _ 

Crane  Enamelware  Co _ 

Washington:  Salmon  Bay  Foundry  Co. 
West  Virginia:  International  Nickel  Co 
Wisconsin: 

Kohler  Co _ _ _ 

Nortmann  Duffke  Co _ 

Wisconsin  Grey  Iren  Foundry  Co.. 
Liberty  Foundry. _ _ 


Pittsburgh,  Pa.. 

Chattanooga _ 

Seattle _ 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Kohler . . 

Milwaukee. . 

_ do _ 

Wauwatosa _ 


Alcoa. 

Chattanooga. 

Seattle. 

Huntington. 

Kohler. 

Milwaukee. 

Do. 

Wauwatosa. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


43 


Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  manufacture  of  glass  in  the  United  States 


Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Illinois: 

Inland  Glass  Co  . .  _ _ 

Chicago  ..  .  _  . 

Ball  Bros.  Glass  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Muncie,  Ind.  .  . 

Peltier  Glass  Co  .  . 

Ottawa..  . . 

Indiana: 

Sneath  Glass  Co  _ 

Hartford  City.. 

Kokomo  Opalescent  Glass  Co  __  .  _ 

Kokomo..  .  .  _ 

Wells  Glass  Co 

_ do _  _  . 

Canton  Glass  Co  _  _ 

Marion _ _ 

Macbp.th-Fvans  Glass  Co 

Charleroi,  Pa.  _ 

Ball  Bros.  Glass  Manufacturing  Co 

Muncie _ _ ..  .. 

New  Jersey: 

Variety  Glass  Products  Co  -  _ 

Clifton _  .  . 

Whita'll  Tatum  Co  ._  _ 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  ..  . 

Kimble  Glass  Co  .  _ 

Vineland...  ......  . 

New  York: 

Dannp.nhoffer  Glass  Works 

Brooklyn  . . 

Demuth  Glass  Manufacturing  Co  _ 

_ do...  _  . 

Greiner  Glass  Co  _ 

Flushing  ....  .. 

Williamsburg  Flint  Glass  Co  _ .  _ 

New  York  _  ..  . 

Gleason-Tiebout  Glass  Co  __ _ 

Brooklyn  .  _ 

Corning  Glass  Works  .  _  _ 

Corning  ... _  ... 

Louis  C.  Tiffany  Furnaces  .  .  _  _ 

Corona . . . 

Gillinder  Brothers  . 

Port  Jervis  .  ..  _ 

Ohio: 

Imperial  Glass  Co  _ . 

Bellaire _ _  _ 

Rodefer  Glass  Co 

_ do _  _ 

Cambridge  Glass  Co  .  _ 

Cambridge.  _ ... 

Lancaster  Glass  Co 

Lancaster _  .  .. 

Advance  Glass  Co.  _  _ 

Newark  ..  _ _ 

Oklahoma: 

Okla  Glass  Co  ...... 

Ada  ...  .  . . 

A.  K.  Kerr  &  Co 

Sand  Springs _  . 

Kerr,  Hubbard  &  Kelly  . 

._  ..do..  _  .  _.  .. 

Pennsylvania: 

Cooperative  Flint  Glass  Co  . 

Beaver  Falls  _ 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co  . . 

Charleroi . . 

Consolidated  Lamp  &  Glass  Co. 

Coraopolis.  .  _ 

Jeannette  Shade  &  Novelty  Co _ 

Jeannette  _ 

Phoenix  Glass  Co  ... 

Pittsburgh.. . . 

Point  Marion  Glass  Novelty  Co _ 

Guyaux . .  .. 

Gill  Glass  Co _  ..  . 

Philadelphia. . . 

L.  J.  House  Convex  Glass  Co  ....  _ _ 

Point  Marion. . . 

H.  C.  Fry  Glass  Co 

Rochester.  ....... 

Gillinder  &  Sons _  _ ...  _ _  _ 

Philadelphia _ 

Hazel-Atlas  Glass  Co _  . 

Wheeling,  W.  Va... 

Highland  Glass  Co  ..  _ _ _ 

Washington  ..  _ 

Texas:  Ball  Bros.  Glass  Manufacturing  Co...  .. 

Muncie,  Ind  _  .. 

West  Virginia: 

Akro  Agate  Co . . . . . .  . 

Clarksburg _ 

Columbia  Glass  Co  _ _ _ 

Fairmont. _ _ 

Monongah  Glass  Co.. .  . 

_ do  . . .  .. 

Jefferson  Glass  Co _  _ 

Follansbee _ 

Beaumont  Co..  _ 

Morgantown.  _ 

New  Martinsville  Glass  Co  .  .  _ 

New  Martinsville _ 

Paul  Wissmach  Glass  Co_. _ _ _ 

Paden  City _ 

Marion  Glass  Co...  _  _ 

Shinnston... . 

Sinclair  Glass  Co.  _ _ 

Van  Voorhis . . 

Location  of  plant 


Clearing  (Chicago). 
Hillsboro. 

Ottawa. 

Hartford  City. 

Kokomo. 

Do. 

Marion. 

Do. 

Muncie. 

Clifton. 

Millville. 

Vineland. 

Brooklyn. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Brooklyn,  Maspeth. 
Corning. 

Corona. 

Port  Jervis. 

Bella  ire. 

Do. 

Cambridge. 

Lancaster. 

Newark. 

Ada. 

Sand  Springs. 

Do. 

Beaver  Falls. 

Charleroi. 

Coraopolis. 

Jeannette. 

Monaca. 

Nilan. 

Philadelphia. 

Point  Marion. 
Rochester. 

Tacony  (Philadelphia). 
Washington. 

Do. 

Wichita  Falls. 

Clarksburg. 

Fairmont. 

Do. 

Follansbee. 

Morgantown. 

New  Martinsville. 
Paden  City. 

Shinnston. 

Van  Voorhis. 


44 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  manufacture  of  enamel ,  vitrolite,  and  glazes  in 

the  United  States 


Name  of  consumer 


Address  of  purchasing 
agent 


California: 

Sm. oot-H olman  Go. _ _ _ _ . 

California  Metal  Enameling  Co _ 

Washington  Iron  Works _ _ _ . _ 

Whiting-Mead  Co _ 1... . 

Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Connecticut:  New  England  Enameling  Co _ 

Illinois: 

Cribben  &  Sexton  Co _ _ _ 

Federal  Electric  Co _ 

General  Porcelain  Enameling  &  Manufac¬ 
turing  Co. 

Theo.  A.  Kochs  Co _ 

Wolff  Manufacturing  Co _ _ 

Chicago  Vitreous  Enamel  Products  Co _ 

Coonley  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Crown  Stove  Works _ 

Benjamin  Electric  Manufacturing  Co . 

National  Enameling  &  Stamping  Co _ 

Sprague  Sells  Corporation _ 

Tiffany  Enameled  Brick  Co _ _ 

Chicago  Hardware  &  Foundry  Co . 

Indiana: 


Inglewood _ 

Los  Angeles..-. 

_ do _ 

- do _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 
Middletown... 

Chicago _ 

- do _ 

- do _ 

_ do _ 

_ do _ 

Cicero _ 

_ do _ 

Chicago _ 

Des  Plaines. .. 
Granite  City.. 

Hoopeston _ 

Momence _ 

North  Chicago 


Marietta  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Union  Sanitary  Works... _ 

Columbian  Enameling  &  Stamping  Co. 
Kentucky: 

Columbia  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co. 
Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co._ 
Maryland: 

Baltimore  Enamel  &  Novelty  Co _ 

Jones  Hollow  Ware  Co _ 

Porcelain  Enamel  &  Manufacturing  Co 
Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co_. 

A.  Weiskittel  &  Co _ _ 

Massachusetts:  General  Electric  Co _ 

Michigan: 

A-B  Stove  Co _ 

Detroit-Michigan  Stove  Co _ 

Grand  Rapids  Refrigerator  Co _ 

Michigan  Enameling  Works _ 

Minnesota:  Seeger  Refrigerator  Co _ 

Missouri: 


Indianapolis _ 

Noblesville _ ■ - 

Terre  Haute.. _ _ 

Louisville _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa _ 

Baltimore _ 

_ do _ 

_ do _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa _ 

Baltimore _ 

Schenectady,  N.  Y... 

Battle  Creek _ 

Detroit _ 

Grand  Rapids _ 

Kalamazoo _ 

St.  Paul _ _ 


Bridge  &  Beach  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Buck  Stove  &  Range  Co _ 

New  Jersey: 

Ingram-Richardson  Corporation _ 

Central  Stamping  Co _ 

Kohler  Co _ _ 

J.  L.  Mott  Co. _ _ _ _ 

Sneyd  Enameled  Brick  Co _ _ _ 

New  York: 

Buffalo  Pottery _ 

Republic  Metal  Ware  Co _ 

Lisk  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Vitreous  Enameling  &  Stamping  Co _ 

Pfaudler  Co _ _ _ 

General  Electric  Co _ 

Robineau  Pottery _ 

Lalance  &  Grosjean  Manufacturing  Co _ 

Ohio: 

Bellaire  Enamel  Co _ _ 

Oxford  Pottery  Co _ 

Republic  Stamping  &  Enameling  Co . 

Limberg  Enameling  Works _ _ 

American  Stove  Co _ 

Enamel  Products  Co . . . . 

Perfection  Stove  Co _ 

Vitreous  Enameling  Co _ 

D.  A.  Ebinger  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co.. 

Beach  Enameling  Co . . . . 

Ferro  Enameling  Co.. . . . . . 

Pfaudler  Co _ _ _ _ 

Barnes  Manufacturing  Co... . . . . 

Humphryes  Manufacturing  Co - - - 

American  Stamping  &  Enameling  Co. . . 

Belmont  Stamping  &  Enameling  Co . . 

Portsmouth  Stove  &  Range  Co . 

National  Sanitary  Co . . . 

Roseville  Pottery  Co - - - 

S.  A.  Weller  Co... . - . . 


St.  Louis. 
_ do _ 


Bayonne _ 

Newark _ 

Kohler,  Wis. 

Trenton _ 

_ do _ 


Buffalo _ 

_ do _ 

Canandaigua- 

New  York _ 

Rochester _ 

Schenectady  . 

Syracuse _ 

New  York _ 


Bellaire . . 

Cambridge _ 

Canton _ 

Cincinnati _ 

St.  Louis,  Mo _ 

Cleveland _ 

_ do _ 

_ do.. . 

Columbus _ 

Coshocton _ 

Cleveland _ 

Rochester,  N.  Y_. 

Mansfleld.. . . 

_ do _ 

Massillon.. . . 

New  Philadelphia. 

Portsmouth _ 

Salem _ ... 

Zanesville _ 

_ do _ 


Location  of  plant 


Inglewood. 

Los  Angeles. 

Do. 

Do. 

Richmond. 

Middletown. 

Chicago. 

Do. 

Do. 

% 

Do. 

Do. 

Cicero. 

Do. 

Do. 

Des  Plaines. 
Granite  City. 
Hoopeston. 
Momence. 

North  Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

Noblesville. 

Terre  Haute. 

Louisville. 

Do. 

Baltimore. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Lynn. 

Battle  Creek. 
Detroit. 

Grand  Rapids. 
Kalamazoo. 

St.  Paul. 

St.  Louis. 

Do. 

Bayonne. 

Newark. 

Trenton. 

Do. 

Do. 

Buffalo. 

Do. 

Canandaigua. 

New  York. 

Rochester. 

Schenectady. 

Syracuse. 

Woodhaven. 

Bellaire. 

Cambridge, 

Canton. 

Cincinnati. 

Cleveland. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Columbus. 
Coshocton. 
Cuyahoga  Heights. 
Elyria. 

Mansfield. 

Do. 

Massillon. 

New  Philadelphia. 
Portsmouth. 

Salem. 

Zanesville. 

Do. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE  .  45 


Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  manufacture  of  enamel,  vitrolite,  and  glazes  in 

the  United  States — Continued 


Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Location  of  plant 

Pennsylvania: 

John  Dunlap  Co.. . 

Pittsburgh 

Carnegie. 

Johnstown. 

Marietta. 

Moriaca. 

New  Brighton,  Pittsburgh. 
Pittsburgh. 

Reading. 

Uniontown. 

Zelienople. 

Chattanooga. 

Dunbar. 

Elm  Grove. 

Moundsville. 

Parkersburg. 

Beaver  Dam. 

Kohler. 

Milwaukee. 

Do. 

Sheboygan. 

Do. 

American  Specialty  Stamping  Co _ 

Marietta  Hollow  Ware  &  Enameling  Co _ 

United  States  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co.. 
Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co..  ... 
Vitro  Manufacturing  Co.  .. 

Johnstown _ 

Marietta.. . . 

Pittsburgh _ 

..  ..do  ..  ...  _ 

.  ..do _ 

Prizer-Painter  Stove" Co _ _ 

Richmond  Radiator  Co.  _  _ 

Iron  City  Sanitarv  Manufacturing  Co  .  . 
Tennessee:  Crane  Enamelware  Co 

West  Virginia: 

Fletcher  Enamel  Co _  _  . 

Reading _ _ 

Uniontown. . . 

Pittsburgh  ..  ..  .. 

Chattanooga.. . . . 

Charleston . . 

Wheeling  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Co.  _ 

United  States  Stamping  Co _ _ _ 

Vitrolite  Co... 

Wheeling..  . . 

Moundsville . . 

Chicago,  Ill _ 

Wisconsin: 

Malleable  Iron  Range  Co. . . 

Kohler  Co _ 

Beaver  Dam . . 

Kohler  . . . 

Geuder,  Paeschke  &  Frev  Co.  _ 

Rundle  Manufacturing  Co  .. 

Milwaukee . . . 

_ do . . . 

Polar  Ware  Co _  _ _ 

Sheboygan . . 

Vollrath  Co _ 

.  .  .do _ _ 

Consumers  of  fluorspar  in  the  manufacture  of  chemicals  in  the  United  States 

Name  of  consumer 

Address  of  purchasing 
agent 

Location  of  plant 

Delaware:  General  Chemical  Co..  .  . 

Illinois:  Aluminum  Ore  Co.  _ 

Indiana:  U.  S.  S.  Lead  Refinery 

Nebraska:  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co.. 
New  York:  John  C.  Wiarda  &  Co 

Ohio:  Harshaw  Fuller  &  Goodwin  Co. 
Pennsylvania:  General  Chemical  Co...  ..  _  . 

New  York,  N.  Y _ 

Pittsburgh,  Pa  _ 

New  York,  N.  Y  . 
.do..  ....  . 

Brooklyn  _ 

Cleveland... 

New  York,  N.  Y  . 

Clayton. 

East  St.  Louis. 

East  Chicago. 

Omaha. 

Brooklyn. 

Cleveland. 

Newell. 

CONDITIONS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 


CANADA  8 

The  renewed  activity  in  the  fluorspar  industry  in  Canada,  which 
was  apparent  in  1925,  was  not  sustained  in  1926.  No  shipments  of 
fluorspar  were  reported  from  Canadian  deposits  during  1926.  In 
the  preceding  12  months  production  amounted  to  3,886  short  tons, 
valued  at  $19,234  and  consisted  principally  of  shipments  from  the 
Rock  Candy  mine  and  mill  at  Lynch  Creek,  British  Columbia. 

Fluorspar  importations  continue  to  increase;  in  1926  imports 
amounting  to  9,968  tons,  worth  $97,482,  were  shipped  in  from  foreign 
countries.  Customs’  records  showed  5,111  tons,  appraised  at  $60,458, 
imported  into  Canada  in  1925. 

SPAIN 


As  fluorspar  is  imported  from  Spain  into  the  United  States,  a 
report  on  the  fluorspar  industry  in  Spain  by  Hester9  and  another 


8  Dominion  Bureau  Statistics,  “  Preliminary  production  of  Canada  during  the  calendar 
year  1926,”  Ottawa,  1927. 

9  Hester  E.  ,D.,  assistant  commercial  attache,  American  Embassy,  Madrid,  Spain,  Mineral 
Production  in  Spain — Fluorspar  :  Report  dated  Jan.  22,  1927. 


46 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


by  Henry,10  which  discusses  the  Berta  mine,  are  of  interest.  The 
information  concerning  the  Berta  mine  was  obtained  chiefly  from 
representatives  of  the  mine  by  Henry,  who  visited  the  mine  and  who 
states  that  from  the  viewpoint  of  a  nontechnical  observer  the  state¬ 
ments  made  by  the  representatives  appear  to  be  justified.  A  sum¬ 
mary  of  the  reports  by  Hester  and  Henry  follows. 

The  consumption  of  fluorspar  in  Spain  up  to  the  present  has  been 
very  small,  and  although  it  promises  to  increase  it  will  probably  not 
be  sufficient  to  support  even  a  single  mining  enterprise  of  much  size 
for  years  to  come.  A  few  tons  are  used  annually  by  the  glass  indus¬ 
try;  the  iron  and  steel  industry  at  Sagunto  now  uses  about  100  tons 
a  month,  and  it  is  thought  there  is  a  potential  demand  from  the 
copper  industry  of  Huelva  Province  and  from  the  iron  and  steel 
plants  of  Bilbao.  At  the  best,  demand  is  not  likely  to  exceed  a  few 
hundred  tons  monthly  for  a  long  time. 

Until  sometime  in  1923  the  production  of  fluorspar  was  limited  to 
the  Province  of  Guipuzcoa,  where  two  mines,  the  San  Maximiliano 
and  Brillante,  located  at  Irun,  were  in  operation.  The  San  Maxi¬ 
miliano  mine  has  been  producing  almost  continuously  since  1907 ; 
up  to  1917  it  had  yielded  more  fluorspar  than  lead,  but  since  19l7 
lead  has  been  the  principal  mineral  (5,000  to  7,000  tons  annually 
since  1920)  and  the  production  of  fluorspar  is  distinctly  a  by-product. 

The  Brillante  mine  is  worked  mainly  for  lead,  but  some  fluorspar 
is  obtained  as  a  by-product.  The  production  of  fluorspar  from  this 
mine  ceased  in  1919-20,  whether  through  exhaustion  of  the  deposits 
or  through  attention  being  confined  to  lead  production  is  not  known. 

A  quarry  known  as  La  Collada,  located  near  Siero,  Province  of 
Oviedo,  was  opened  in  1924.  The  entire  output  of  this  quarry  in 
1924  was  exported,  but  the  output  for  1925  was  consumed  in  steel  and 
iron  plants  on  the  north  coast  of  Spain. 

The  Berta  mine,  situated  at  Papiol,  Province  of  Barcelona,  which 
was  developed  some  years  ago  in  the  hope  that  it  would  become  a 
lead  producer,  was  reopened  during  1925  for  the  purpose  of  recover¬ 
ing  fluorspar. 

The  Jorna  mine,  at  Murelaga,  Province  of  Vizcaya,  is  said  to  have 
produced  a  small  quantity  of  fluorspar  in  1926  which  was  sold  for 
local  metallurgical  use.  The  capacity  of  the  Jorna  mine  is  reported 
to  be  5  tons  a  day. 

A  number  of  other  deposits  are  reported  in  Spain,  especially  in  the 
Provinces  of  Huesca,  Ciudad  Real,  and  Cordoba.  Most  of  these 
contain  objectionable  impurities  and  are  geographically  too  remote 
for  profitable  exploitation.  In  the  Province  of  Cordoba  fluorspar 
appears  as  an  accessory  mineral  associated  with  certain  lodes  in  dif¬ 
ferent  places  at  Cerro  Muriano,  where  it  is  possible  to  obtain  small 
particles  of  fluorspar  from  old  diggings.  However,  about  8  kilometers 
(5  miles)  from  Fuente  Obejuna,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Penarroya 
larger  deposits  of  green  and  violet  fluorspar  occur.  As  these  deposits 
are  exposed,  their  exploitation  should  be  comparatively  easy  and 
profitable. 

The  Berta  mine  is  situated  in  the  Province  of  Barcelona  at  Papiol, 
about  12  miles  distant  from  the  port  of  Barcelona.  The  deposit, 


10  Henry,  F.  A.,  American  consul,  Barcelona,  Spain,  “  Fluorspar  Deposits  at  Papiol,  Near 
Barcelona,  Spain  ”  ;  Consular  report  dated  Apr.  30,  1926. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


47 


which  is  in  a  hill,  is  developed  by  a  number  of  drifts,  and  seemingly 
has  been  extensively  stoped.  A  number  of  years  ago  the  property 
was  equipped  and  electrified  at  a  cost  of  4,000,000  pesetas,11  but  the 
mine  was  flooded  and  lead  production  was  abandoned.  During  1925 
it  was  reopened  in  a  small  way  for  the  purpose  of  extracting  fluor¬ 
spar,  of  which  there  seems  to  be  a  very  large  quantity. 

In  the  mine  seven  known  veins,  each  about  2  meters  (6.6  feet) 
thick,  600  meters  (1,969  feet)  long,  and  200  meters  (656  feet)  deep, 
have  been  exploited  and  have  been  estimated  to  contain  5,000,000 
tons  of  ore.  The  latest  workings  are  reported  to  show  veins  of 
greater  length  and  thickness,  so  that  it  is  believed  that  the  quantity 
of  ore  available  is  much  greater  than  estimated.  Six  horizontal 
adits  have  been  driven,  allowing  easy  access  to  the  veins,  from  which 
the  ore  is  mined  by  picks  and  electric  drills  and  is  brought  to  the 
surface,  in  hand-pushed  cars  on  light  rails.  As  the  mine  is  wired, 
electric  haulage  can  be  had  with  a  small  additional  expenditure. 
The  mine  is  opened  on  several  levels,  and  the  total  workings  measure 
more  than  3  miles  in  length.  They  average  3  meters  (9.8  feet)  in 
height  and  2  meters  (6.6  feet)  in  width. 

The  ore  contains  some  lead,  but  the  quantity  varies  greatly  in  dif¬ 
ferent  parts  of  the  mine,  ranging  from  traces  to  a  considerable 
percentage.  The  largest  lead  bearing  veins,  however,  are  in  the 
lower  levels  which  are  flooded  with  water.  Usually  a  more  or  less 
clean  separation  of  lead  can  be  made  by  hand  picking.  Some  ore 
is  coarsely  crushed  and  the  lead  and  fluorspar  separated  by  washing. 

The  owners  estimate  that  with  the  present  installation  from  5,000 
to  10,000  tons  of  fluorspar  can  be  extracted  monthly.  The  mill  has 
a  capacity  of  150  tons  per  8  hours,  so  that  by  working  three  shifts 
450  tons  per  day  can  be  crushed  and  concentrated. 

About  50  men  are  now  employed  in  the  mine.  Wages  vary  from 
8  pesetas  ($1.19)  for  miners  to  15  pesetas  ($2.23)  for  foremen  per 
8-hour  day. 

The  fluorspar  found  in  the  Berta  mine  is  usually  greenish,  semi- 
transparent,  and  averages  94  to  98  per  cent  of  calcium  fluoride,  0.15 
to  4  per  cent  of  silica,  and  a  very  small  amount  of  sulphur.  It  also 
carries  small  quantities  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  silicates  of  iron  and 
aluminum.  Analyses  of  two  samples,  made  in  Barcelona  in  Septem¬ 
ber,  1925,  showed  the  following: 


Green 

color 

White- 
rose  color 

Calcium  fluoride _  _  _____ 

Per  cent 
98.60 
.15 
.02 

Per  cent 
94. 40 
3.20 
.04 

Silica- _  ___ 

Sulphur.. .  _  _  _____  _  _  _ 

The  mine  appears  to  be  favorably  situated  with  regard  to  trans¬ 
portation.  The  ore  is  hauled  1  to  2  miles  by  motor  truck  to  the 
nearest  railroad  station,  where  it  is  loaded  on  cars  and  carried  to 

11  The  average  rate  of  exchange  in  1926,  as  compiled  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Board,  was 
1  peseta  equals  14.8959  cents,  which  conversion  factor  is  used  throughout  this  discussion. 
The  value  of  the  peseta  has  fluctuated,  and  the  value  in  1926  can  not  safely  be  applied  to 
a  former  year. 


48 


MINERAL  RESOURCES,  1926 - PART  II 


the  wharf.  Total  transportation  costs  from  mine  mouth  to  wharf 
are  at  present  about  15  pesetas  ($2.23)  per  ton,  but  these  could  prob¬ 
ably  be  lowered  by  a  large  output,  particularly  if  the  output  justi¬ 
fied  the  construction  of  a  railway  spur  to  the  mine  itself.  Trans¬ 
portation  to  the  United  States  appears  to  present  few  difficulties, 
as  ample  tonnage  is  always  available  for  westbound  cargo,  which 
normally  is  very  small.  It  is  understood  that  freight  offers  of  16 
pesetas  ($2.38)  per  ton  have  been  made,  and  that  possibly  even  a 
lower  rate  could  be  obtained. 

The  cost  of  production  is  reported  to  be  about  35  pesetas  (about 
$5.21)  per  ton  at  the  mine  mouth,  and  c.  i.  f.  costs  at  United  States 
seaboard  are  estimated  in  the  neighborhood  of  66  to  TO  pesetas  ($9.83 
to  $10.43)  a  ton. 

From  the  standpoint  of  the  shipper  development  of  trade  with  the 
United  States  would  be  desirable,  as  there  is  a  shortage  of  west¬ 
bound  cargo,  and  the  shipment  of  regular  quantities  of  ore  from 
Barcelona  might  make  possible  an  opposite  movement  of  some  bulk 
cargo  such  as  coal. 


PRODUCTION,  BY  COUNTRIES 

The  following  table  was  compiled  by  L.  M.  Jones,  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  from  official  sources  so  far  as  possible. 

Production  of  fluorspar,  1922-1926,  by  countries,  in  metric  tons 


Country 


Australia: 

New  South  Wales 

Queensland _ 

Canada _ 

France _ 

Germany:2 

Bavaria _ 

Prussia _ 

Saxony _ 

Great  Britain _ 

Italy _ _ 

Japan . . . 

Mexico  3 _ 

Spain. _ _ 

Union  of  South  Africa 
United  States _ 


1922 

1923 

1924 

1925 

1926 

478 

1,894 

69 

23,  047 

21, 663 
13,  078 
9,  032 
50,  286 
6,831 

0) 

2,  348 

4,295 
3,  525 
24, 423 

31,  454 
24, 101 
16, 141 
39,  706 
7, 770 

4.  085 
9,  251 

13,  221 
8,630 
8,  509 
33,  878 
1,395 
36 
500 
392 

0) 

128,  453 

126 
12,  913 

10, 543 
10,  810 

5,  761 
49,  818 
3,  362 

0) 

0) 

0) 

0) 

0) 

5,  800 
0) 

500 

(>) 

(») 

116,715 

500 

500 
4,  474 
10, 192 
113, 378 

500 
2,  436 
4,  883 
103, 118 

10, 975 
109, 939 

1  Figures  not  available. 

2  In  addition  to  the  German  states  listed,  fluorspar  is  produced  in  Baden  and  Thuringia,  but  data  of  out 
put  are  not  available. 

3  Estimated  annual  output. 

CRYOLITE 


Cryolite  occurs  in  commercial  quantities  and  is  mined  at  only  one 
place — Ivigtut,  Greenland.  Formerly  two-thirds  of  the  product 
was  sold  to  the  Pennsylvania  Salt  Co.  and  the  other  third  went  to 
Copenhagen,  but  at  present  these  relative  proportions  are  reversed. 
Of  the  cryolite  shipped  to  the  United  States,  the  greater  part  is  now 
used  as  a  flux  in  the  metallurgy  of  aluminum  and  for  making  opaque 
glass.  In  aluminum  metallurgy  in  this  country  the  mineral  is  being 
supplanted  by  artificial  cryolite. 


FLUORSPAR  AND  CRYOLITE 


49 


An  article  on  the  cryolite  mine  at  Ivigtut  has  recently  been  pub¬ 
lished.12  It  discusses  the  discovery,  exploitation,  and  mining  of 
cryolite  and  describes  the  geology  and  mineralogy  of  the  deposit. 

The  imports  of  cryolite  into  the  United  States  in  1926,  according 
to  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  amounted  to 
7,599  long  tons,  valued  at  $557,598,  or  $73.38  a  ton,  compared  with 
9,844  long  tons,  valued  at  $690,651,  or  $70.16  a  ton,  in  1925. 


12  Gordon,  S.  G.,  “Mining  cryolite  in  Greenland”:  Eng.  and  Min.  Jour.-Press,  vol.  121,. 
Feb.  6,  1926,  pp.  236-240. 


